Plenary

The next item will be the business statement and announcement, and I call on the Trefnydd to make that statement. Jane Hutt.

Thank you, Llywydd. The only change to this week's business is a motion to suspend Standing Orders, which is needed to allow us to debate the legislative consent motions on the Victims and Prisoners Bill. Draft business for the next three weeks is set out on the business statement and announcement, which is available to Members electronically.

Trefnydd, can I call for a statement from the Cabinet Secretary with responsibility for health to give us an update on the Veterans’ NHS Wales service? We know that veterans are very appreciative of this service, and at the cross-party group on the armed forces, just last week, we received an update on the service from Neil Kitchener, who of course is the lead clinician. One of the challenges that that service appears to have is that there’s a lack of peer mentoring support available now in Wales, and it’s something of a postcode lottery in terms of whether those peer mentors are embedded within Veterans’ NHS Wales. I feel, and the cross-party group felt, that it was very important to have those peer mentors embedded within the NHS in Wales, in every single health board. That would cost around £0.5 million per year. I know money is tight, but this is a worthwhile investment because, of course, we know that veterans who do suffer from things like post-traumatic stress disorder have a significant impact on public services and can be a significant user of public services in other ways.

And secondly, can I also call for a statement from the Cabinet Secretary for health on the significant cost of placing people with mental health problems outside of Wales? We know that the Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, just in the first three months of this year, has spent over £3.5 million sending people out of north Wales for care in other parts of the country. I had a constituent, who contacted me back in February, whose family member had been placed in Durham for a mental health bed because there wasn't the capacity in north Wales. Clearly, that's unacceptable. We need to make sure that people are treated as closely to home as possible. I accept that there are specialist services, sometimes, that people might need to access, but this was a general mental health in-patient bed, and that should have been available in north Wales. I'm very concerned that there isn't the capacity in our NHS, particularly in the Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, to be able to care for people in the region. So, can we also have a statement on that? Thank you.

Diolch yn fawr, Darren Millar. Those are two really important questions to the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care, but Ministers as well. In terms of your update on services for veterans, I think we can all be very proud of the service that's rolled out—you heard that report—and the health board's commitment to it, often in partnership with local government. Because we know there's a cross-over in terms of health and well-being. That's where, in fact, there's a clear link to the next question as well, because the support for peer mentors is important. We know that it is available, but, of course, this has to be about how this can be best received. I would just comment—and I'm sure you'll be aware—on the many voluntary organisations that are playing their part in this, not just the Royal British Legion. In my constituency there's Woody's Lodge, for example, and that's also in north Wales as well. But clearly, the Cabinet Secretary and Ministers will be looking at this.

I do think—and I'm sure you will acknowledge and recognise—that, in terms of our Minister for Mental Health and Early Years, mental health is at the forefront of our priorities. Yes, there are pressures on services, but it's being recognised that this is an issue that is being addressed, indeed, for all generations, and for health boards to take this as a priority. It is important to recognise mental health measures of performance. I'm just looking at the percentage for local primary mental health support services, and it's important to see that therapeutic interventions are starting to take place a percentage higher than previous months in terms of numbers of days to wait for that. And, also, the percentage of patients who receive secondary mental health care and have a valid care and treatment plan—in terms of the percentage, we are recognising that that's a priority. But, clearly, this is something that the Minister for Mental Health and Early Years will be reporting on.

Trefnydd, I'd like to ask for a statement from the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice on the future of Welsh National Opera. This follows the publication of a letter written by the singer Elizabeth Atherton, and signed by over 170 people, that claims that the reduction of 35 per cent in the funding from Arts Council England and the 11.8 per cent cut from the Arts Council of Wales will be damaging to the nation. The letter asks the Welsh Government to meet with representatives of the WNO and the culture Secretary in England to discuss how the cross-border funding agreement can be maintained to provide urgent support to both organisations. Can I ask for a statement responding to this? What steps will the Government take to respond?

Diolch yn fawr. I think, Heledd Fychan, we all recognise the pressures and the difficulties. Indeed, we know where those pressures and difficulties come from, in terms of our appalling financial settlement from the UK Government after 14 years of austerity. I also recognise the fantastic work undertaken by the WNO. I think some of us, perhaps, have been to see some of the more recent inspiring performances, such as Death in Venice, which was also something where there were packed auditoriums—not just here in Wales, but elsewhere. This is an important question and I know that the culture Secretary is meeting with them. Because they perform outside of Wales as well, in England, it's really important that there is a recognition of where arts council funding—not just here, but in England—is coming from.

Trefnydd, it's been reported that the Welsh Government has been subject to a significant hack by a so-called rogue actor in the last few weeks. Are you able to confirm or publish what information has been compromised and what steps the Welsh Government is undertaking to ensure that an incident like this does not occur again?

Secondly, it's been reported that, overnight, two more prisoners have died at Parc prison in my constituency of Bridgend. The men were 19 and 73, and this brings it to a total of nine sudden deaths at Parc prison in the last three months. Each of the prisoners is, technically, my constituent, and I am scheduled to meet with the prison governor shortly to discuss the previous seven deaths, but it really does feel like something is very wrong. So, I'm asking if the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice can please give an update on any discussions that she has had with the Ministry of Justice, who have consistently refused to comment on the crisis and step in on the G4S management. This really does feel like it's getting out of control. Diolch.

Diolch, Sarah Murphy. Thank you for drawing attention to that serious cyber security incident. In fact, it was 22 April, I think, that that took place. So, just to reassure the Member and colleagues and Members of the Senedd that the Welsh Government worked at pace with the UK's National Cyber Security Centre. Of course, this is very much cross-Government engagement, with forensic teams investigating the incident. Those investigations have been completed, and, independently, they've confirmed that there's no evidence that information held on our network was compromised. But there is, clearly, a global vulnerability exposed here. We take this very seriously and we are reviewing our cyber security controls to determine whether additional defensive measures are required.

On the deaths at Parc prison, it's sad, isn't it, to hear, again, about the deaths—very sad—at Parc prison. It's tragic for their families and for those adults—they are young adult men, in this situation. Of course, you recognise that the operational running of the prisons is the responsibility of the UK Government and is not devolved to Wales, but we work very closely with HM Prison and Probation Service and interface with prisons in devolved areas such as health and social care, where we do have responsibilities. I would like to reassure Sarah Murphy that the Welsh Government, Public Health Wales and HM Prison and Probation Service in Wales have met to discuss the tragic deaths, and an agreed set of actions is being taken forward to help mitigate the risk of future harm. But of course, this is something where, in my former role, I visited Parc prison, and I'm sure that the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice will be herself undertaking such a visit, to ensure that there's that interface, and that we can also hold those to account who are running those services such as the one at Parc prison.

I call for a Welsh Government statement on support for autistic and ADHD women and girls. The National Federation of Women's Institutes report 'Understanding the Experiences of Autistic and ADHD Women', published in March, which features the lived experiences of neurodiverse women, found, for example, that 90 per cent of survey respondents expressed a lack of awareness of autistic women and girls within healthcare settings, and that 75 per cent felt there is insufficient support available for autistic individuals and their families. North Wales-based charity KIM Inspire has also published the findings of their six-month research project in 2023, 'Supporting neurodivergent girls and young women across north-east Wales'. These included that presentations of autism and ADHD in girls and young women continue to be overlooked by statutory services, that parental blame is frequent, and that the lack of recognition and appropriate support is leading to high levels of distress, low self-esteem and self-harming behaviours. Both reports want to see action from decision makers to improve the diagnosis process for women and girls, make more support available post diagnosis, and help break down the stigma and prejudice that too many autistic and ADHD women still continue to experience. I call for an oral statement in Welsh Government time on this vitally important matter accordingly.

Diolch yn fawr. Thank you for drawing attention to this, and also for recognising the role of the National Federation of Women's Institutes and the campaigning work that they do on behalf of women and drawing attention in this report to the needs of autistic women and women who have a diagnosis of ADHD and the needs that they have as neurodiverse women in our community. It's also very helpful to hear that feedback from your north Wales charity. I know that the Minister will be taking this on board. I will draw this to her attention in terms of the response, which has to be a consistent response across Wales. But it is, obviously, in the context of the ways in which we are supporting and responding to the needs of neurodiverse people of all generations and genders in Wales.

May I ask for a statement in the Chamber from the Cabinet Secretary for health about Government plans to tackle the huge pressures on accident and emergency departments in hospitals? Today, we've heard that the Betsi Cadwaladr health board has issued a red warning. I've just read now that Cwm Taf Bro Morgannwg also put out a warning about pressures on emergency services there. A month ago, Morriston Hospital issued a black warning. We've heard about these warnings regularly during the winter, when the pressures were greatest, but they are becoming far more common at times other than the winter now. I want to put on record, by the way, my thanks to the Glan Clwyd emergency department, following their recent care for my son. They do excellent work, but they are under huge pressure. So, can we have an update, please, from the Cabinet Secretary on the steps being taken to tackle these crises?

Diolch yn fawr, Mabon ap Gwynfor. I do think it's really important that you did finish by giving those thanks to those people who are on the front line in terms of providing that emergency care. Just looking at March's figures, obviously, our system is under huge strain. The NHS are dealing with around 2 million contacts every month. None of that includes all the contacts through 111 or all those carried out by mental health, maternity and diagnostic staff every week. But in terms of emergency departments, it is important to note that in March 2024, there were an average of 2,962 daily attendances, up by 74, but 67.5 per cent of people were seen, treated and discharged in four hours, and the median time in the department was two hours and 47 minutes. So, obviously we're making sure that we're monitoring this, but seeing that increase in pressure on our emergency departments has to be acknowledged in terms of the ways in which we respond to it. But, of course, this is something the Cabinet Secretary will be taking into account in looking at these figures.

I'd like to ask for a statement on what the Welsh Government is able to do to promote voting in UK-wide elections, particularly amongst younger people here in Wales. As we all know, the police and crime commissioner elections, last week, were the first time in Wales where voters had to show a form of ID in order to vote. There was a list of things that older people could bring forward to show their identity: the bus pass, the 60+ Oyster card, the Senior SmartPass—all acceptable forms of ID. But younger people did come to me in my constituency to say that they felt disenfranchised and not seen as a priority, because there weren't any particular forms of identification that they could show, such as a young person's railcard or maybe student ID. So, I wondered if we could have a statement about what thoughts the Welsh Government had in order to improve and make younger people feel that they are wanted at the ballot box, which, of course, we have shown in our legislation here in bringing in votes for 16 and 17-year-olds in local and Senedd elections.

Thank you very much, Julie Morgan, for that really important question and the feedback that you were getting, and I'm sure many of us across the Chamber were getting, particularly on the day of voting. I'm glad the Counsel General is here to hear about this issue, because the PCC elections last Thursday were the first in Wales to require voter ID. We believe, as we have said as a Welsh Government, and I think this is shared with our colleagues across the Chamber—we don't know on that side—voter ID is harmful to democracy. Voter ID is harmful to democracy. It creates more barriers, it creates confusion, complexity, and as to the kind of identifications that were coming forward, people were asking all the time. It doesn't strengthen Welsh democracy; it makes it harder for people to vote. This was in stark contrast to our extension of voting to 16 and 17-year-olds and qualifying foreign citizens, and our clear framework for electoral reform. Actually, this is gaining a reputation across the UK, I believe, Counsel General, on our agenda of modernising and encouraging participation. So, let's look to the Elections and Elected Bodies (Wales) Bill before the Senedd. It's the next step in our commitment to modernise and reform Welsh elections, improving accessibility, ensuring that people can engage with an electoral system that's fit for the twenty-first century, and particularly looking, as I know the Minister in charge of the Bill has been doing, at under-represented communities to encourage their active participation, including through a democratic engagement grant.

Trefnydd, I'd like to request a statement from the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care regarding access to GP services. As has already been reported, the GP partner at St. David's Surgery in my consistency has handed back the contract for the surgery to the health board, and that of course is a huge worry to patients. In my view, the health board should have planned for this and learnt lessons from what has happened in other places like Solva, for example. So, it's important now that the health board ensures that there is a long-term solution in place so that local people can access a GP in their community. Of course, the Welsh Government has a duty to ensure that people can access primary care services in their local communities. So, I'd be grateful if we could have a statement on access to primary care services that tells us what the Welsh Government is doing to ensure that people can access a GP in their local area.

Thank you for that important question, Paul Davies. Particularly looking at some of the issues in your Hywel Dda UHB area in terms of general medical services, I think it's really important to see—. Over the past year, I know there's been some press attention on a small number of practices that actually moved to close some of the practices. But, in February, the health board successfully appointed a new GP partnership to take over the contract to provide those primary care services for patients in Cross Hands and Tumble. You must welcome, and it's a wider area, the Amman Tawe partnership, an experienced multidisciplinary team with a strong track record.

Can I just take the opportunity, Llywydd, at this point, to say we are celebrating today 25 years of devolution? One of the first things we did—and I think the class of 1999 colleagues might remember—and which was actually a cross-party initiative, was develop the Wales eye care initiative, where we were able to establish that optometrists could refer people directly to secondary care. I know the former First Minister will remember this as well. It's been transformational. This is what we need to do when we talk about primary care services. We need to talk about prevention, we need to see the roles of all these other health professionals. Actually, it's now in the new contract for optometrists, so that this is less of a pressure on primary care. It's optometrists in our high streets actually being able to refer people directly for secondary care. That's just one example that I'm sure will relieve pressure on primary care services in rural areas.

Could I ask the Trefnydd for a written statement or an oral statement on the community scheme in Ely in Cardiff West?

Llywydd, it's a year to this month since two young men lost their lives on the Ely estate in circumstances that caused such grave concern to the local community. One of the positive things that happened was the sponsorship by the Welsh Government of a community-led plan to improve services, particularly for young people on the estate. That plan is now in the very final stages of being drawn together and is due for publication. I think it would help the local population, Llywydd, if the Welsh Government were able to draw together in a single statement the support that has been offered in the production of that plan by the Welsh Government and could look forward to the implementation of those community-generated ideas and priorities.

Diolch yn fawr, Mark Drakeford. It has been a privilege to co-chair an external community ministerial reference group. I co-chaired the group, which was set up following the tragic incident last year. I co-chaired it with Huw Thomas, the leader of Cardiff Council. But, the most important thing about the forthcoming Ely and Caerau community plan is that it has been developed by the community. As you said, Action in Caerau and Ely was appointed last year to co-ordinate the development of the plan, and it has worked closely with local organisations, the local steering group, engaging widely with residents of all ages. And I look forward to attending an event next week and welcoming the launch of the plan.

But, I think what's crucially important—and obviously, you, as the Senedd Member for Cardiff West have influenced this, and as the former First Minister—is that the community plan is deeply rooted in the needs and aspirations of the people of Ely and Caerau. It's not our plan; it's their plan, and jointly funded by the Welsh Government, Cardiff Council and the Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales. And, of course, the community, with Cardiff Council, will now be taking forward the implementation of the plan, with support from a wide range of partners, including the Welsh Government. But, I think it would be very appropriate, then, for a statement to be made—for a Welsh Government statement to be made on the plan and the way forward. Diolch.

I'd like to ask for a statement, please, from the Cabinet Secretary for Climate Change and Rural Affairs on pollution in the River Wye. We've had quite significant developments in the last week or so from a group who have applied for bathing status for a portion of the River Wye, which has been refused by the Welsh Government. There is a significant degree of irony in that the reason it has been refused is in order to protect biodiversity and the area from significant, perhaps, overcrowding, and yet the water remains significantly polluted, and people like me are still swimming in it. So, I just wonder if there's an opportunity to bring people together in order to discuss the issues in the River Wye and the application for bathing status, and to see whether we can move forward to make the waters cleaner for not just me but other bathers who venture into the river. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Diolch yn fawr, Jane Dodds. I think that you probably are referring to the part of the River Wye that is named the Warren, where, of course, as you said, it's a difficult challenge, isn't it, as a site of special scientific interest, a special area of conservation, and the impacts of swimming, canoeing, walking have to be assessed, and granted consent, by Natural Resources Wales. So, my understanding is that it has not been designated as bathing water in this bathing season, but it will be considered for designation in the future. But, I'm sure the Cabinet Secretary for Climate Change and Rural Affairs will want to respond to your suggestion, your proposal that people could be brought together to look at these interacting needs of that particularly wonderful part of Wales, which you cherish and we cherish, of course, as a site of special scientific interest but also a site where swimming, particularly, is cherished and valued.

I'm calling for a statement from the Welsh Government on the expected timescales for a response to freedom of information requests that are put forward to the Welsh Government. I've had a number of pieces of casework recently where the 20-day timescale set out in legislation to respond to FOIs by members of the public doesn't seem to have been adhered to. One such example is from a constituent of mine who submitted a freedom of information request nearly two months ago in relation to windfarm infrastructure, and the Minister's action on the consultation with the public. The FOI asked to share what the Minister or anyone else from the Welsh Government had done since 2020 to understand what people have in their minds as an impact of windfarm infrastructure that is or is not acceptable. And this is just one example that doesn't seem to have been responded to, but it's part of a wider theme of delays in relation to FOIs that can start to question the transparency. So, I'd appreciate a statement that sets out the expectations on these timescales that we and members of the public should expect.

We abide by the freedom of information legislation timescales. Of course, this is something where we get many requests in terms of freedom of information, but in terms of our responses, they are timely, and if there is anything I can report back on particular areas, then please raise that with the Cabinet Secretary concerned.

Trefnydd, excellence is a key skills-based arts pursuit, whether dance, music or visual art. Will the Cabinet Secretary bring a statement to the Senedd on the roll-out of the Wales cultural strategy and the timescale for evaluation or review? And finally, I wish to call, as the chair of the Senedd cross-party group for music, for a full statement to be made to this place regarding the critical position that Wales's largest arts employer, Welsh National Opera, one of its finest exports, finds itself in after the withdrawal of national funding and the overarching plan for its survival.

Can we just thank Rhianon Passmore for her championing of the arts—the championing of the arts in schools, championing of the arts in the community, championing of the wonderful arts we've also been recognising earlier on this afternoon in terms of our opera, our orchestras, and everything that you have engaged with? Certainly, I know the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice is here in the Chamber. I've already said that meetings are ongoing in these particularly difficult and challenging times, particularly for some of those institutions that are beloved institutions of Wales. So, thank you very much.

Thank you very much, Rhianon, once again.

Leader of the house, is it possible to have a statement from the health Minister in relation to the six red alerts that have been declared by Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board and Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board around A&E pressures? I appreciate that pressures are intense across the United Kingdom in A&E departments, but to have two major health boards declare red alerts across all their A&E sites is quite unprecedented—from my own personal memory, anyway. So, could we have a statement from the health Minister as to what the Government is doing to support those health boards deal with these pressures that we normally associate with the winter months, but now clearly run through the summer months as well, as, obviously, we don't want people deterred from going to A&E, but it is right that people go to the right location to seek the help that they require. But, by putting these alerts out, whilst providing information to the public that the A&E departments serve, they mustn't deter people from turning up if they require the assistance of that department.

Thank you for asking those questions. Obviously, I responded to a question earlier on from Mabon ap Gwynfor, and I spoke then about the increased pressures that you've acknowledged. Now, just to say what we expect in terms of the response of patients in emergency departments, we expect all patients that attend emergency departments in Wales to be triaged by a clinician at the earliest opportunity—many of us have probably had that experience of that really swift triage that takes place—to assess the condition of the patient, ensure they're prioritised, treated in the order of their clinical priority, for optimal patient experience to be delivered insofar as is possible. That triage is critical in terms of what happens next in terms of a diagnosis and support.

But we also expect—and this is from the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care—health boards to renew the focus on driving down long stays in departments, particularly for frail and older people, and we've provided nearly £3 million to each health board to help them deliver their local six goals for urgent and emergency care programmes.

Finally, Mike Hedges.

Diolch, Llywydd. I would like to ask for two statements. We've had a very wet winter, which everyone is aware of. There have been many football matches called off or abandoned due to the weather. Some teams in Swansea, between the beginning of November and the end of February, played four league games, which equates to one a month. As the weather in future years is unlikely to be better, what progress is being made in installing 3G and 4G artificial pitches?

I would also like a statement on the SA1 development, which is an excellent example of mixed use, including housing, anchored by the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. It was initially a joint venture between Swansea Council and the Welsh Development Agency. I would like the statement to include an update on the transfer of responsibility for roads and public spaces to Swansea Council, and a further update on ensuring the safety of Altamar and South Quay.

Diolch yn fawr, Mike Hedges. And, yes, it has been a very wet winter, and the impact it's had on football matches on fields, pitches—abandoned, as you say, because of the weather. But just to report, for the record, there are around 350 artificial pitches in Wales, at the latest count, and, of course, they're very much varying in size, from full 3G pitches to much smaller sized pitches, and those are funded from a variety of sources: we've got Sport Wales's £8 million capital budget, an education budget for investment in school facilities, the community facilities programme. And just to update, over the last three years, Sport Wales have invested in 28 artificial pitches, of which 12 are new and 16 have been upgraded across Wales. So, I think, now, Sport Wales are undertaking an audit of all artificial pitches across Wales and are looking to work with the Welsh Government on mapping every artificial pitch. But in Swansea, the new 3G Underhill Park in Mumbles—Sport Wales, £250,000, via the pitch collaboration fund—but also the resurface of an existing hockey artificial turf pitch, at Elba sports complex in Gowerton, also receiving funding.

Your second question is also important, because there's good progress, as you said, continuing in SA1: high levels of developer and occupier interest. But I can reassure the Member that the University of Wales Trinity Saint David's Innovation Matrix quarter is due to complete this June. Coastal Housing and Pobl homes are starting construction on three new affordable housing development schemes. But the crucial point you raise is about adoption. So, part 1 highway adoption certificates have been received from the city and county of Swansea, and our officials are working with the council to progress the information they require to issue the part 2 certificates, which will allow the adoption of the roads to progress.

Thank you, Trefnydd.

The next item, therefore, will be the statement by the First Minister on the Senedd at 25. The First Minister to make the statement—Vaughan Gething.

Diolch, Llywydd. For the past quarter of a century, our nation has been on a historic devolution journey.

Our nation has been on a historic devolution journey.

It’s one that we’re proud of, but it's not something that we could ever take for granted. From 1997 to today, we've seen a further referendum bringing law-making powers to Wales and sustained public support for our Senedd. Far from the talking shop that many feared, devolution has delivered progressive politics and helped to nurture a confident, modern and outward-looking Wales. Whatever side people were on in the referendum, and whatever your views on the policies of the Welsh Government, today devolution belongs to all the parties in this Chamber and to all the people of Wales.

The path to a full law-making Parliament hasn’t been smooth, but in times of crisis, the people of Wales have looked to us here in this Chamber to lead and to serve. The choices we make—and still have to make—haven’t been easy, but devolution has ensured that they have been choices rooted in the values of social justice, solidarity and fairness and subject to regular elections for our employers, the people of Wales.

I know too that all of us stand on the shoulders of those who have come before us. As First Minister I know the debt that I owe to those who have held the office before me. I always value the counsel of varying lengths and support of Alun, Carwyn and Mark, but I do want to pay a special tribute to Rhodri Morgan for his leadership of our nation in the first crucial decade. His thoughtful, calm and considered leadership was crucial in those early years. It changed how people felt about devolution and about Wales. On a personal level, it meant a great deal to me that Rhodri took the time to call me immediately after my selection in 2009 for the seat of Cardiff South and Penarth. For those of you who are not students of Labour politics in Cardiff, Cardiff West and Cardiff South have not always been bosom buddies. The fact that Rhodri took the time to call me was a mark of the man himself: a small act that reflected his style of leadership and a commitment to lifting up others and his optimism for the future of devolution. This institution owes him an unpayable debt of gratitude, and I know that many people, not just in this Chamber, are thinking of him today.

There are of course still some in this Chamber who were there right from the start in 1999. You, of course, have seen devolution mature and evolve first-hand, not just in this Chamber but in the previous debating Chamber that I remember well. I'm personally glad, I have to say, that I never got to experience a legislative competence Order first-hand from start to finish, or that I had to peer from behind a pillar in the former debating Chamber in Tŷ Hywel, as some Members had to do.

The success of Welsh devolution was not inevitable. It's been a process of growth and change, gradually shaping the Senedd into the body that we are today. It has been held up by sustained public service from elected politicians on all sides and the hard work of our civil servants and indeed the staff of the Commission.

it's a privilege—

—to serve as an AM, now as an MS, as a Deputy Minister, a Cabinet Minister, and now as First Minister.

And look at what we have achieved together in the first 25 years of devolution. The Senedd has led the way on sustainability. The Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 was a world first, as was the Active Travel (Wales) Act 2013, and we led the UK in charging for carrier bags. Significantly, Wales is a world leader in recycling thanks to legislation made here, funding to improve recycling services, encouraging greater recycling, and a range of other measures, including the promotion of a circular economy. It's a fact that people in Wales now expect to see recycling when they move to other parts of the world, and even simply across Offa's Dyke, and are regularly surprised at the fact that we are further ahead on a range of simple measures.

As a Government, we have prioritised our children and their future. We have incorporated the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, abolished the right to hurt children to discipline them, made roads safer for children by lowering speeds in built-up areas, and enhanced the safety of learner travel. We established and are delivering a new Curriculum for Wales, and have the biggest school-building investment in Welsh schools since the 1960s. By this year, all primary school children in Wales will be able to receive free school meals, finally eliminating the stigma around claiming. And our Flying Start scheme, in contrast to reductions in Sure Start in England, continues to grow; it provides additional support in our most deprived areas and provides fully funded, quality childcare to more two-year-olds every year.

Our heritage of heavy industry is reflected in the health of our citizens. Devolution has meant we could take radical steps to help, including universal free prescriptions, the Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013, and legislation to secure minimum staffing levels for nurses—legislation that was developed with a backbencher and a Minister who was committed to delivering change.

Devolution meant that we were able to take public health measures during the pandemic that were tailored to the needs of the people of Wales, whilst working with the other nations of the UK on other measures, such as the vaccination programme. It is a mark of pride for all of us, I believe, that Wales's vaccination programme was the quickest across the UK. Devolution has meant that we have been able to resist the market forces approach to public services that the UK Government has favoured, particularly in our NHS and education.

On jobs, we've invested with ambition and in partnership with businesses. Now, new and exciting strengths are firmly part of the Welsh brand. From the explosion of the tv and film industry, to becoming a world leader in semiconductors and renewables, there are exciting opportunities that we have helped to create, and we will continue to back. And we will go on backing Welsh steel and the brilliant workers who make it. I look forward to talks with unions and Tata, both here in Wales and in Mumbai later this week.

It is an under-reported fact that, in the devolution era, we have reversed the unemployment gap between Wales and the UK average. Wales was once stubbornly above the UK rate, whereas now unemployment in Wales is far more likely to be found below that average—a significant change thanks to sustained policy and investment based on decisions taken here.

Working with businesses, we've also established a bespoke service, funding and advice based on the needs of our economy. Business Wales and the Development Bank of Wales are highly regarded economic institutions that support the growth of Welsh jobs and businesses. They were also crucial to the pandemic response, and only exist because of devolution.

We as a Senedd have taken significant action to advance the interests of the people of Wales and bring greater justice and equality to our communities. We have made laws on housing to promote better quality accommodation and more secure tenancies. The Agriculture (Wales) Act 2023 and the Trade Union (Wales) Act 2017 were shaped by the impact that work has on an individual's well-being.

We have promoted the proud history and heritage of Wales, our culture and our language. We are a proudly bilingual nation; we've seen an increase in Welsh-medium education, along with free Welsh lessons for 16-to-25-year-olds. Our Senedd has also resurrected Welsh as a language of law and Government.

That is the success of devolution in Wales.

I thank the First Minister for his statement his afternoon. His comments about Rhodri Morgan, in fairness, always remind me of when I was here as a Member first in 2007, and the ability of Rhodri Morgan to turn the argument and win over the Chamber, but also to give the sporting analogies that he was so renowned for. I well remember one analogy, which wasn't sporting but about the previous Chamber, of how he had Helen Mary in his vision with the pillar in the middle of it, and he wasn't sure whether it was 'Helen' or 'Mary' he was speaking to, he referred to then. That was the infrastructure that the first Assembly was dealing with in the day back in 1999 when it came into being.

As someone who wasn't involved in politics at that time, I can remember coming in on a rural affairs issue with the National Farmers Union and sitting in one of the committee rooms, and in those days people actually used to turn up and view the committee proceedings and there was an audience there to take part in that meeting. It baffled me how Ministers were sitting on those committees, and ultimately the way the consensus could be arrived at, having been someone who had looked at the way Westminster undertook its politics. And I appreciate that this institution, over the last 25 years, has deliberately tried to distance itself over the way it does its business, and rightly so, because it is a distinct institution. But, that said, from 2007, when the changes came into place and the real politics came into being of the distinction between the Government and the legislature, that really moved the argument on about the permanency, I would suggest, of this Parliament, because we are a Parliament now, with, as we all understand, full legislative, tax-raising and executive authorities, and, in particular, the way that the Silk commission drafted out two Welsh Acts that actually transferred a huge amount of new responsibilities to the Senedd and, by extension, to the Welsh Government, and the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister at that time coming and making the St David's Day declaration upstairs about that transfer of responsibility. In my small way, I was very pleased to play an active part in that, with the discussions of all the other party leaders at the time, in reaching the consensus. Some of it, we couldn't reach a consensus on, but it really did transform the ability of this Parliament to function for the benefit of the people of Wales.

And I take aim at some people in my own party and on the right of Welsh politics when they argue that the Welsh Parliament should be done away with. Are people seriously saying that Wales as a country, in the twenty-first century, in a United Kingdom where you have a Scottish Parliament, a Northern Ireland Assembly and mayoral elections across the whole of England—that Wales should do away with its Parliament? I don't agree with that, and I will argue every time with anyone who says that Wales should put its Parliament to one side and go back to a 1950s, 1960s model of Government. That's not the modern Wales we want to see. But I also disagree with the trajectory that people say that this is an inevitable route to independence for Wales from the United Kingdom. Actually, the Parliament and the Government should focus relentlessly on the powers it has and the way that it can improve people's lives. The First Minister's statement was notable by the absence about the three big beasts in the room—the economy, health and education—in particular when you look at the aspirations of previous Labour Governments and Senedd Governments about improving the Programme for International Student Assessment rankings, for example, that benchmark us internationally. Now, there are no targets to aim for by this current Government. The gross value added figures that Rhodri Morgan, when he was First Minister, set on meeting the UK average in a time frame—there are now no targets for that to happen, and regrettably over the 25 years we have not managed to close that gap. And when it comes to health, regrettably, we have some of the longest waiting lists of any part of the United Kingdom, with so many people on a waiting list—600,000 people—and 752,000 procedures waited for in the Welsh NHS. And I noticed that that wasn't in the Government's social media output this morning.

I thank the Member for his comments. There might have been some questions in there. What I'll try to do is I'll deal with the points of disagreement first, and try to finish on points of agreement.

On disagreement, I mentioned a whole range of areas, including the economy, health and education, and a range of the steps that we had taken, steps we've only been able to take because of devolution. There is more to say about the reality of what has happened to our budgets and outcomes in key public services like health and education. There's an undeniable and indivisible link between our resources and what we can then achieve, together with rising demand. You're going to hear, for example, from the Cabinet Secretary for Education about her priorities, and you can expect to hear a relentless focus on how we raise standards and the key importance of education in the life of the nation, as well as a child or young person, and that goes hand in hand with the focus that I want us to have on the first 1,000 days in a child's life. So, you can expect to hear more of that in the future. You can't go through a telephone directory of every area in a statement, and I think I tried everyone's patience with the length of the statement as it was.

When it comes to the economy, the undeniable truth is not just the fact that I mentioned DBW and Business Wales—specific Welsh creations that have helped to support businesses of all shapes and sizes across our economy—but we do have challenges in our economic performance. We want to see further progress made on productivity. That means investing in the skills of the workforce. We want to see further progress made in getting people into work and not being economically inactive. Those are often deep-rooted problems. I believe part of the future journey for devolution could be how we can take more control over the administration of benefits, to properly join up what we are able to do with the way that currently that DWP and Jobcentre Plus work. I think that is a reform that would have real practical, positive changes that we could make to better support people into the world of work, to have the dignity of earning an income, and, crucially, an income that people can live on.

That brings me to your point around child poverty: there are more children now growing up in poverty with a working adult in their household than ever before. That is both because our economy has not kept pace right across the UK, and we see yet another report in the last few days about the fact that the UK economy is likely to have the slowest rate of growth of any of the most developed nations in the world; that is huge challenge for us, as well as the rest of the UK—. On top of that, there have been deliberate choices made on benefits for families with children. Every independent assessment has shown that those choices drive more children into poverty. That's not an argument; it's a fact. It's a reality of the choices that have been made by a UK Government. We will of course disagree over whether those were the right things to do, whether they achieved their purpose or not, what, in fact, their ultimate purpose was at the outset. That is part of the business of politics, and, in this place, we have got used to arguing about choices made in other parts of the UK that directly affect our responsibility, as well as how we conduct our own.

And that, if you like, brings me back to what, I hope, are more points of some disagreement, but I hope some agreement as well. I know the Member is saying that he doesn't want to see further powers for this place. That is a comment, I believe, on the fact that he doesn't support the current Government elected by the people of Wales. He's entitled to that. That's what democracy is all about. I believe our journey is unfinished. As I said on the administration of benefits, I think there's more to go. I want to see more powers on the Crown Estate. I want to see a different deal on the future of rail. But that has to come with funding. I am not at all interested in having responsibilities transferred without the resource to do so, and we saw that in the council tax scheme, where council tax benefits were devolved to Wales with a 10 per cent budget cut. That is exactly what should not happen with devolution. I believe, on the powers we exercise here, Members should be able to hold us properly to account. I look forward to the devolution journey recovering some of the ground we've lost with the return of the former European funding and powers that have been consistently exercised in this place for nearly a quarter of a century until a UK Government chose to remove them from us.

On the points of agreement, though, we will continue to disagree, as we should do—different parties and different traditions. There may be times we find agreement, but, when it comes to this institution, you should not take the position that if you disagree with the Government of the day, if you don't like the fact that Welsh Labour has been part of the administration of the Government through all those 25 years, never with a majority, always having to work with people in other parties to pass budgets and legislation—. You don't call for the abolition of the institution, not if you're a democrat. Two referenda have created this place as it is today and more. You wouldn't abolish the House of Commons and the House of Lords if you simply didn't agree with the way Liz Truss ran the country. The call, for people that disagreed with what she wanted to do, or the current Prime Minister, or the one before them, was to have an election, to ask the people to decide in an election. That is what I believe we should do where we disagree: to hold each other to account, not to undermine the institution, but to have our differences determined by the people that it is our privilege to serve.

On that, I do agree with the Member that we need to do more when it comes to turnout. I would like to see many more people making choices about who sits in this place and, in particular, as I hope tomorrow we'll agree that we'll have more people sitting in this place, making choices for the people of Wales. I believe it strengthens our democracy, as, indeed, does the leader of the Welsh Conservatives group, when more people take part in our elections. I want to think about how we do that and how we find agreement on how we do that. I hope that, on the future reforms that the Counsel General will bring to this place, where we'll look at how we register people, how we make it easier to vote, that we'll actually find a way to do just that. It's our job to persuade people which party they should support, but I'd like more people to take part, otherwise someone else is making your choice for you, and don't be surprised if it doesn't mean that those choices actually meet your own interests or how you view the country.

Thank you to the First Minister for this afternoon's statement. I wanted to start by saying that each and every one of us in this place have our memories about the birth of the National Assembly, until I remembered that Luke Fletcher was just three years of age when this Senedd opened its doors for the very first time. But the fact that someone who was a very young child—almost a baby at that time—is now a Member of our national Parliament speaks volumes about how far we've come and how many years have passed, and I'm sure it makes the Llywydd feel very old sitting in her chair there. [Laughter.] But I do have my own memories, certainly. I was here on that very first day in 1999, not as a Member of the Senedd—and it's the great privilege of my life to be here as a Member of the Senedd—but as a journalist and a news correspondent. As a Welshman, I was so proud that we had taken that first step, but, professionally speaking, it was a time when we had a blank page before us, and that's what the institution itself had too: a blank page or a blank canvas, where we could build the future of the nation.

Llywydd, things don't always fit conveniently into place in politics, but there is something very symbolic and very powerful in the fact that we are celebrating a quarter of a century in the same week as we vote on plans to strengthen this Senedd for the next quarter of a century and beyond. So, yes, we do celebrate, but perhaps it's more accurate to say that we are reflecting and weighing up the past 25 years. What devolution did was to provide a new pathway for us. It created new potential, if you like, new opportunities for Wales to do things differently, and to do things better in so many different ways. And we have done things better. A great deal has been achieved through co-operation, and that was a large part of that politics and what the politics offered us. And I include everyone in the Chamber—every party—in that co-operation and collaboration in various ways, and I very much welcome the comments made by the leader of the Conservatives—those positive comments—on the future of devolution, and the importance of having our own national Parliament.

But if we are to create a stronger, more accountable and more effective democracy for the future, then we do have to recognise the opportunities missed too, and we've seen those in those areas where we hold the Labour Government to account on a weekly basis: the crisis in the health service; the lack of imagination in trying to regenerate our post-industrial areas; the fall in standards in our schools; and the child poverty, which is still so prominent in all corners of our nation.

We should celebrate, I think, this twenty-fifth anniversary with a gear shift, a shift in scrutiny that is enabled through the reform legislation that we'll be voting on tomorrow, but a governmental gear shift too. We need a Government that, instead of reacting to crises, shifts to more innovation in the delivery of public services, to creating a distinct and resilient economy, where devolution is a real buffer against the headwinds of Westminster and beyond, and on strengthening our own hand as an institution.

Plaid Cymru's been clear on how we see the way forward: a standing national commission should take responsibility for implementing and building on the work of the recent independent commission's recommendations, encouraging public involvement as much as possible in furthering the processes of constitutional change. The Welsh Government itself has a duty to prepare for and lead on further processes of constitutional change, not to step in line with the Gordon Brown convention, or any other Westminster body concocted with a view to keeping the Celtic nations quiet, I should say, but rather to carve a distinct path for Wales. And I encourage the current Government to do so.

Twenty-five years on from when our Senedd was created, it's being reimagined now. And the onus is now on the First Minister to ensure that his Government's ambitions meet those of the people of Wales for the next quarter of a century and beyond. As the Wales Governance Centre pointed out this week, all available data shows a majority shift towards wanting more powers, with support for independence almost tripling since 1999.

Now, although understanding of this place and its work has increased, and, with that, the support for further powers to Wales, we must guard against thinking that we don't need to continue to withstand those forces that would want to see our Parliament disappearing entirely. And I'm pleased to hear unity in this Chamber on that issue this afternoon. Rather, let us ensure that the next 25 years focus on proving the true value of devolution, by tackling those challenges—the economic challenges, health, education, child poverty—and on strengthening our democracy in a way that works for all the people of Wales.

I couldn't detect many questions in the contribution, but I will respond to two points that I think are worth considering. The first goes back to one of the points that was made by the leader of the Welsh Conservative group, and that was, where there are disagreements on the performance of public services and the economy. And you should, of course, expect those to be debated in the Chamber of our national Parliament, and for there to be disagreement on how well the Government is doing with the tools we have, whether we should have different tools at our disposal or not. I think it's important though to reflect that, previously, there would have been a Secretary of State for Wales and two or three Ministers undertaking all of those functions. And the opportunity for debate, discussion and difference, or indeed proposals for alternatives, whether we agree with them or not from a Government side, that simply didn't have the focus that I think we do now have. It's part of the reason why I was proud to campaign for devolution as a student, to want more opportunity for that to happen.

And it goes into the second point around—. I believe that devolution really has given a real platform for greater confidence and a greater profile for Wales on a much wider platform. In his contribution, the leader of Plaid Cymru suggested that there would be something that could be concocted in devolution to try to keep the Celtic nations quiet. Devolution was about giving Celtic nations a bigger platform, to be confident about the democracy that we were creating, and the ability to do better for our people and our country. That's why I supported devolution, why I campaigned for it, why I'm proud to be here in this Chamber. Far from keeping Celtic nations quiet, devolution has given us a bigger platform within Wales, within the UK, and the wider world.

You see that in the way that Wales is viewed and covered. Every time now there is a change in this Government, you expect to see coverage, not just in Wales, but in other parts of the world too. That is a strength that is recognised in other parts of the world. And that shouldn't surprise us, because, actually, other nations in the world, nation states, recognise the sharing of power on different levels. In some, there are national bodies that exercise that power—the Basque nation in Spain is different to other parts of Spain. But they recognise there are different responsibilities for different levels of Government. Whether it's Germany, the states in America or Canada, there are different levels at which different choices are made.

I believe our journey is not complete. I believe devolution has more to go. And I'll be proud to carry on making the argument for that, and prouder still to see the voice of Wales continue to strengthen, within Wales, within the UK, and the wider world, where we are already noticed. And I believe there is much more for us to do to gain respect, investment and partnership for our future.

It's a great privilege, on behalf of the Welsh Liberal Democrats, to be able to make a very brief statement on this very auspicious occasion. Throughout the 25 years of the Senedd, the Welsh Liberal Democrats have had representation here, and it is important that we mention those that we've lost: two very loyal and committed public servants from the Welsh Liberal Democrats, in Mick Bates and Aled Roberts. And I'm sure we all remember those with thanks.

I also was in touch with Kirsty Williams, who was in the class of 1999, in order to get her reflections on what I should say. She said that it was a time of great excitement and hope, that she was proud to be the first female leader of a party in the Senedd, and that she enjoyed First Minister's questions, 'Although, when the shoe was on the other foot, I wish I'd been a bit nicer.' We also remember that Kirsty was the only MS who has been successful, so far, in taking a private Members' Bill through the Senedd, in the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act 2016. Another great Senedd achievement. I've only been here three years, but I'm proud to be part of this Senedd, part of a Senedd that has passed the clean air Act, a new agricultural Act, and we're about to pass the Senedd reform Bill, which will revolutionise our democracy (although not as well as it could).

I just wanted to finish, if I may, with a very personal note. My mam—many of you, perhaps, have heard before—was part of the stakeholder group that helped in the development of the Cynulliad, the Assembly, as it was. She wasn't a politician at all; she was a community agitator. And that's where, I think, we should be going back to: listening to those community agitators, making sure that we involve everybody across Wales, whether we are from a rural or an urban area, whether we are from the north, mid or south of this country, whatever our background, whatever our faith, whatever our belief. We have an awesome opportunity to continue to change Wales, to make it more radical, progressive, surprising and inspiring, but we do need to get back to listening to our community members. Let's not hold back for the next 25 years. Diolch yn fawr iawn, Llywydd.

Well, thank you very much for the contribution from Jane Dodds, and, indeed, the National Assembly advisory group, back in the days, in creating a democracy and understanding what we could do with a blank canvas, which was a point that Rhun ap Iorwerth made. And I do believe that we have created many things that we can say are an improvement on other democracies within the UK. People often talk about the tradition of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. I have to say, whilst that's great, I think some of them don't make any sense and shouldn't exist anymore. I hope that in our first 25 years, we have not just been able to learn where we think there is more to do to improve on what we do, but in our next 25 years, we won't simply appeal to, 'This is the way things have always been done', if, actually, we could do better in the way we run our business and serve our communities.

I should say, I knew Mick Bates as a researcher. I knew Aled Roberts. I should confess that myself and the Counsel General, when Aled Roberts was elected, we tried to make the case that he shouldn't be here. The disqualification Order was an interesting debate at the time, and yet, actually, when I got to know Aled, as a Member here, I had great respect for him. I didn't always agree with him, but I thought he was highly capable, and he was someone who you could not just have a conversation with, but, actually, you could share a confidence with, confident that it would not be broken, and I hope that is something for all of us to reflect on in how we do our business. We do need to be able to trust each other, to share confidences, and then to make better choices. And I hope that would also be part of your point around not wanting to set different parts of the country against each other. There is far too much division in our world as we see it, and I believe we can still be an example of what better politics looks like.

I want us to set out to be a listening Government. Not everyone will agree with all the choices we make, but that comes from being in Government, which is something that Kirsty learnt by direct experience, and she said the same thing herself. I remember her saying, 'I just wish I hadn't been so awful to everyone else when I was sat there.' But I thought Kirsty was a very good colleague in the Government, and I hope that she is well. I should just gently point out, that whilst I was proud to mention the nurse staffing legislation in my opening contribution, I will have significant problems for the rest of my days if I don't point out that someone called Ann Jones also helped to pass legislation on sprinklers for house safety. And again, that is part of our journey: a small piece of legislation that I believe has made a big difference.

Thank you, Prif Weinidog, for this important statement today. As we look back over the past 25 years, it should be a matter of pride to all of us that our Senedd has not only endured, but has matured during that time. It's not always been an easy journey, but we all owe a debt of gratitude to those Members who came before us and worked so hard to establish the confident, outward-looking Parliament that we sit in today.

I am honoured to chair the Welsh Labour group and to be able to note that successive Welsh Labour groups have sought to make good on our early commitments to give Wales a voice and to work hard for Wales. Whether it's being the first Parliament to declare a climate emergency and legislate for future generations or our opt-out organ donation system and the UK's first children's commissioner, the actions we've taken in this Siambr have led the way in the UK and the wider world. Do you agree with me, First Minister, that, as we look to the Senedd's next 25 years, we should take confidence from that journey as we set out our plans to build a positive future for Wales?

Thank you. I think, given the list of all the things that we have done, it's a pleasure to reflect that those are things that we have all done. As I said, my party has never had a majority. We've never been in a position on our own to make choices on a single basis; we've always had to work with other people.

Take, for example, the organ donation legislation, introducing a soft opt-out system. It started when Lesley Griffiths was the health Minister. Work was done between parties, and it was a challenging time, actually. There were different stakeholders who were concerned about the legislation—that it would take away the gift of life that donation represented. Actually, we worked together on winning round, working on arguments, and then having a system that could be workable as well. I chaired some of the end of the committee when that came through. Mark Drakeford was the health Minister when it was finally passed. Then, as the health Minister, I was overseeing the implementation of that system. We can be confident that, with that legislation, more people's lives have been saved as a result. It's also helped us with the conversation about the end of someone's life and about the fact that they can still help the living in a different way. I certainly remember in my house it led to a conversation about what we wanted to do, to make sure that we knew each other's wishes and that they were recorded, and to support people in making that choice.

It is part of, as Vikki Howells has said, not just that this institution has endured, but matured. There's a personal reflection here, of course, because I am 25 plus 25 myself, and I do know that, in your first 25 years of life, you acquire a great deal of knowledge about who you are and the world around you. But I can certainly say, looking back on my current perspective, that I learnt even more in the next 25 years about the choices that I could make and why. I hope this place, in another 25 years, will reflect on not just what we did in our first 25 years but about the fact that we've done even more to make Wales a better place. The debates will be lively and at times difficult, but still taking place here in our national Parliament, for a future that we can all be proud of.

I knew I shouldn't have answered that question this morning about how old I was when the first Senedd elections happened. He's stolen my grand reveal. [Laughter.]

An important point has been made. For my generation, there's nothing radical about this place—we've grown up with it. We've never known a world before the Senedd. School trips to the Senedd and not Westminster were the norm, and it's still the norm today for a number of children in Wales.

The fact that this is the case, the fact that this is the reality, means that the dreams of so many have been realised, to an extent. I would pay tribute to all those who came before us, those who campaigned in 1979 and 1999 to get this place here. But, of course, 25 years on, where are we at? There's no denying that we have a massively underpowered Senedd. While Senedd reform is a step to empowering this place, we need to go further. We've had achievements listed, we've seen those achievements listed—I'd also add, by the way, the retention of the education maintenance allowance to that list, something that I benefited from when I grew up—but we still have issues with poverty, we still have issues with the economy. The promise to my generation was a Government that would deliver on improving things. So, that has to be the next 25 years, doesn't it, First Minister? Delivering on things for not just my generation, but generations afterwards. So, yes, of course, let's celebrate today, but also let's look ahead to where we go from here. After all, it is a process, one that I hope will lead one day to a brave Wales that makes decisions independently.

Thank you for the comments. I think it's really helpful to be reminded that there is an expanding group of citizens in our country who've only ever known the Senedd to be part of the way choices are made. I've made a comment about this before: we don't have to unlearn the way things were done previously, but only know how we make choices now. I hope that leads to a greater engagement and greater voice and choice in what this Parliament does. I think that is a strength. I note the Counsel General isn't here, and that's probably a good thing, because Mick Antoniw was the president of NUS Wales in 1979 and there are times that I think bore other people, when Mick and I swap stories about what happened when we were student presidents. I was the president of NUS Wales in 1997, when we won the referendum to create this place. But it is the point about history moving on. And on your point around future generations, that is about all of us in those future generations: people who have seen the creation of the Senedd during their adult lifetime, people who are here and looking to retire in Wales, coming to the end of their working life or are already retired and thinking about what will the Senedd do for them, for their families and their futures, as well as those people yet to be born who we are making choices for today.

I know that there will always be, as I said, legitimate criticism of what the Government has done, but I believe that we have much to be proud of, not just in the legislation but in the choices that successive Governments have made to make Wales a better place. I will never take a backward step in defending and promoting what we have chosen to do. I want us to be able to do more. In Government, you hardly ever make a perfect choice, because the money and the time you spend on one area of life in Government you can't spend somewhere else. It is always about the priorities we have, but they're priorities that we have to return to people in Wales to renew our mandate and to renew trust. And that, I think, is a really precious thing that we have managed to create in devolution and to safeguard for our future. I look forward to whether people want to take that step on the devolution journey, or indeed the end point that I understand Plaid Cymru Members want to see, and that is a debate that people will ultimately decide here in Wales.

I am privileged to be one of the four current Members who were Members of the then Assembly back in 1999, along with you, of course, Llywydd, Jane Hutt and Lynne Neagle. I can certainly testify to the limitations of the original debating Chamber, where we did indeed have pillars in the way, and we had Members trying to intervene on other Members in a debate but not being seen and not being able to see those other Members. And, yes, we did only deal with some, at times fairly tedious, secondary legislation.

Llywydd, a few years after devolution, a few years after 1999, I was in Edinburgh, travelling to the Scottish Parliament in a taxi, and I took the opportunity to ask the taxi driver what he made of devolution up to that point in Scotland. At the time, the media there was full of stories about the ever-escalating cost of the new Scottish Parliament building, so I really expected a sort of Rab C. Nesbitt-type rant, if I'm honest. But what he actually told me was, 'Oh, it's far too early for me to give a considered opinion. Come back and ask me in about 20 years' time', which slightly surprised me. But here we are now, over 20 years on from that point, and here in Wales, if we face up to that question, there is always room for considerable improvement, but we can say that we've set up, we've established, we've built devolution over that period of time, and we're now a Senedd, a Parliament for Wales. I do think of all those generations in that campaign for a parliament for Wales, who campaigned so passionately and strongly, and just reflect on what they would make of it, many of them not still with us, to see just how far we have come. And we're here today, in this building, able to deal with a great width and depth of responsibility in our country for our own people. And that really is quite something, isn't it?

I also think we ought to mention Ron Davies. He's always referred to, isn't he, as one of the architects of devolution, and indeed he is. Luke was talking about it being a process, and we always remember that famous phrase about it being a process, not an event. In that light, First Minister, I think we just look forward now to new constitutional arrangements, perhaps, which we might arrive at before too long—taking forward the Senedd reform legislation to further build our democracy, our precious still quite new and young democracy here in Wales. But also, at a UK level, how we might look at new constitutional arrangements, recognising the new devolved reality, which we've also referred to here today, right across the UK. As part of that, we need to entrench and further develop our lovely, wonderful new democracy here in Wales to make sure that future generations will enjoy the fruits of these developments and all the hard work that has delivered them. I'm sure, First Minister, that you would want to play a part in that debate about those new, I think, badly needed constitutional arrangements, recognising the new reality of the devolved UK.

I thank the Member for his comments and recognise one of the four originals who are still with us and have spoken in the debate. I think, when you consider where we were and how slim the margin was, lots of people were not confident that we would be here in 25 years' time, never mind in a new building, in an institution that, I believe, we will vote for an expansion of tomorrow. That in itself is a success story. The challenge is not just that we have deepened and strengthened the attachment of people in Wales to devolution, but where we see a process with an end point, the different events along the way and what that should look like.

As I said, I believe that there is more to go on the journey of devolution and I've already set out a number of areas where I think we should have a different sharing of power. We should take confidence from the fact that in other parts of the world, they have successful states with a clear understanding of a sharing of power between different levels of government. Here in Britain, we have nations within the state. So, having devolution in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland I believe was natural. I actually think that the debate on mayoralties in England is good for us as well; I think it makes it logically incoherent to argue that mayors can have powers that a successful national parliament and national government cannot. I think that strengthens our hand in the debate that we should have.

And for me, I disagree with Plaid Cymru Members on where the end point should be. I think devolution has been good for Wales and also good for Britain. I think we will have a modernised system of governance that will strengthen who we are within Wales, all the things we are proud of, and the strength I want us to carry on drawing from the wider family of nations that we have. And I think this place is where we will carry on making that case for the future.

First Minister, you mentioned some of the important achievements that we have had in the last 25 years, and for me, a personal favourite is certainly universal free school meals. But you and other speakers also referenced areas where you could say we have so far underachieved. Particularly in thinking about the future and the health of our democracy, I think the failure to achieve more than 50 per cent turnout in any of the elections since the creation of the institution is a problem that we have to solve, isn't it? Because the longer that continues, the more it will erode the legitimacy but also the effectiveness of this institution.

One of the, I think, best evidenced solutions to this—and, indeed, I'm not alone in that, as your predecessor made this very point this morning—when we look around the world would be for Wales to join those large number of countries that have a system based around the universal civic duty to vote—mandatory voting. Imagine going from a sub-50 per cent participation democracy to a 90-plus per cent participation democracy and the effect that that would have. You've supported this before. Is that still your view, First Minister? Now that you are First Minister, what practical steps can we take in turning this from an idea, a proposal, into a practical implementation plan for the 2030 election—leading a debate first of all, commissioning the objective research and starting the path towards becoming a more universal democracy?

I thank the Member for the comment and the question. I do have a disagreement with the way he framed the start. I don't think that the voter turnout here undermines the legitimacy of the institution. I think if you look, for example, at local authorities, with often very low turnouts, no-one then says that the council can't undertake its functions in making quite significant choices for the population that they serve. And when we look at newer institutions like the mayor of London, despite all of the UK-wide media attention on the London mayoralty, actually, turnout was just a bit over 40 per cent in the last election. So, I don't think that you have a direct link between legitimacy and turnout, but I do believe it would strengthen our cause and the choices we make if more of our people made an active choice at an election.

The Member kindly referred to the fact that I have gone on record in the past saying that I, personally, am a supporter of compulsory voting. I believe it is a civic duty that all of us should undertake, as long as the caveat is that any voter can have a box where they choose to vote for 'none of the above candidates'. I am speaking personally, as opposed to as the head of the Government—I know I'm answering this as the First Minister—but that's because other people have different views. We don't have a fixed position within the Welsh Government. But I've recently met a delegation from the Australian Labor Party. I don't believe Australians feel any less free, or any less capable of having a view on any aspect of life in their country, because they have a required civic obligation to vote in elections.

The challenge is, if you want to get to them, how you shift the culture, winning a debate that isn't, somehow, the government controlling aspects of your life where it's not entitled to be there, and how you persuade people, 'I think there are people worth voting for', as individuals or as political parties. I think the road to getting there is, actually, about the reforms that we will take within the powers that we have, with the legislation that I referred to earlier that the Counsel General is bringing forward. There'll be reforms in that about automatic voter registration. I believe that that will be a significant strength; it'll mean that people's ability to vote is there and is protected. It'll also, I think, shift some of our understanding of populations in different parts of the country—give us more accuracy in where people are. It may even help us with the size of the constituencies in Wales and beyond. And if that is successful, as with so much of what we have already done in the first 25 years of devolution, I believe that other parts of the UK will look on and copy what we have done.

Twenty-five years is certainly something that we should mark, and I'm sure we would all reflect on the policies that we believe have made a difference. For me, one of the things that I haven't heard mentioned yet is free access to museums. Wales was the first nation on these islands to introduce that, eight months before England, thanks to Jenny Randerson, who was the then Minister. It was a huge success; within a year, we saw an increase of 88 per cent in those accessing our national collections, going from 764,599 to 1.4 million, which is incredible, and that figure has continued to increase.

So, can I ask you, First Minister, for your reflections on that policy and its importance since 2001? Also, are you committed to the continuation of this policy, as long as there is a Labour Government with you as its First Minister? I'd also like to ask a question that I'm often asked by young people who come to this Senedd: why do we always blame Westminster for things, saying that we don't have the powers? Why don't we insist on more powers for Wales? So, can I also have your reflections in terms of what further powers you would like to see devolved to this Senedd over the next 25 years?

On the path of free access to museums, I well remember 1997 and 2001, when I was genuinely young—I'm thinking about Chris Smith, who was the UK Secretary of State at that time, and the introduction of the policy and the funding for it that came, and I'm proud that Wales chose to take that step as well. It was a choice that we made—that's one of the points here. Just because there is a policy objective in a different part of the UK, it does not mean that we have to follow. The choice is made here by this Government and by Members that hold us to account. And I believe that it has been a broadly successful policy. The challenge, though, I think has always been not just about whether you make access to museums free, but about whether practical access is undertaken on a basis that is genuinely equitable. I think about not just my constituency, but other communities that are close to here, close to where there are significant assets within our framework of national museums, and whether people are actually using that access; whether communities that could not have afforded to pay for access previously are practically taking up the opportunity—that's a wider question about what we do. It's about transport, it's also about the proactive reaching out that the national museums have done in the recent past. But when the policy was first introduced, I think we reflect that they didn't do as much as we would expect them now to do on making sure the doors are genuinely open and accessible. That is about working with schools; it is about their mission to explain what they are creating and retaining for the nation, about our history, but also about who we are today as well. I think they've been much more innovative in the last half of this past 25 years than in the first half, and that is all about a learning exercise. Because you have got a national institution here that is scrutinised—that, I believe, positively affected the way that they do their job, and I simply don't believe that would have happened without devolution and the creation of this place. I'm certainly committed to the policy, as long as we have the resources to carry on doing so. There is a cost that we invest in that policy every year, and every year our choices have got harder and harder over these last 14 years.

I note that a range of stars of the musical world have written—well, more broadly, the arts, not just music—expressing concern about the future of the Welsh National Opera, for example. I should say that I like opera—I enjoy seeing it, I listen to it when I'm working at home. But we have made choices about how to balance our budget. And if we want to put more money into that, or any other institution in the cultural sphere, Lesley Griffiths will make an argument for that, and she will know that we have to find that money from somewhere else. So, our challenge is always how we protect the point about bread and roses. The essentials of what we have, along with those things that we think will make life worth living and the experience to enjoy that you want other people to have access to and share as well, and that is the choice we are constantly making here in the Government. I hope we'll have a different settlement on powers and money in the future, to allow us to make different choices about reopening up more access and investing in our cultural institutions and a whole range of other areas of public life.

Samuel Kurtz.

Diolch, Llywydd. I appreciate you giving me a minute in this statement this afternoon. While I'm not as young as Luke Fletcher, I was seven in 1999, so I remember vaguely the grainy images on BBC News and S4C of the first Assembly—not quite in black and white. [Laughter.] Not quite in black and white, but I do remember those images, and it was something that I grew up with and it was a sense of immense pride for me. Thanks to Jack Sargeant, actually—that he gave me an allocation.

My parents—both my mother and father—were in the public gallery for the royal opening of the Senedd following our election, and there was an immense sense of pride. While coming into this from the outside there are things that I would change, inevitably—I would get rid of these computers from this Chamber, I would change the timings that we sit for in this Chamber. There are things that I would do differently, but to those that criticise this place because of the Government policies, those who rightly criticise the Government, those that criticise us as opposition parties, and the way that we hold Government to account—they rightly criticise us. But don’t criticise the institution. And I will use every breath in my body to defend the right for Wales to have a Parliament here in Cardiff. I think it's of the utmost importance that we have the opportunity to look at each other eye to eye from across the Chamber to debate for those policies that we see for the future of Wales. I think that’s immensely important.

But what I would say as well, the only way that we can go about changing, and enacting the right change that we believe in, is to go out and vote. So, I really would urge those critics who are critics of this Government, or critics of us as opponents—go out and vote. It’s your democratic right to go out and vote, and it’s so very important, and I would plead with them: don’t criticise—vote.

Well, there isn't much to disagree with there. I should gently point out to the Member that he sounds a lot like the Member for Blaenau Gwent when he talks about some of the changes in this place. That may not be what his association members would like to hear when he returns to his Conservative colleagues in west Wales.

I thought it was a touch harsh to talk about grainy images from 1999. [Laughter.] There might not have been high definition television then, but it was post the black-and-white era, so there was modern colour and everything at the time. [Laughter.]

But on your point about the future of the institution, and engagement with people, I think it’s a real positive that the point has been made by people across the political spectrum. I want people to vote, to take part, to understand the choices we are making on their behalf—to take part, including if that means disagreeing with me and supporting different people. The stronger the turnout, the stronger the democracy, and I do believe that we can build a future where we can persuade more people to take part in how these decisions are made. Whoever they choose to support, I would much rather people made a choice about who that should be, and on that at least we can certainly agree. I certainly welcome the positive contributions from both Conservative speakers today about the creation of this place and about its future. That is a definite step forward in 25 years, and one that all of us should recognise and celebrate.

I thank the First Minister.

On this statement I'm giving myself the last word. Twenty-five years ago today I was elected to that first Assembly—one of the remaining four of the much-mentioned class of '99, and all four of us are painfully reminded of our ages by the Luke Fletchers and Samuel Kurtzes of this world today. I remember parking my car that first day, 25 years ago, on this piece of land—a wasteland at that time—that now sites our Senedd. I remember it well because I was so excited I reversed into another Member's car. [Laughter.] It was a Lib Dem car. And on that car park we built a twenty-first century Senedd, a more modern and flexible Senedd than most other Parliaments, with a fairer balance of men and women politicians than most Parliaments. The first Parliament in the world, in 2003, to be perfectly gender balanced. We work in the two official languages of Wales and, like all Parliaments, we get some things right and some things wrong, and when we get things wrong, the people of Wales don’t shy away from telling us so, in protest, in petition and in person.

And since 1999, the politicians have come and gone, each making their own personal contribution, and each leaving in turn. However, this isn't a politicians' Parliament, it's not Samuel Kurtz's Senedd or Delyth Jewell's Senedd, it's not even Jane Hutt's Senedd. It's the people's Senedd, not the 60 Members here today or the 96 Members that may be here tomorrow. It's the people of Wales who own this Senedd, and like all Parliaments in the world, some support what the Parliament does, some ignore, some protest and some participate.

It is good that we are still here, yes, but the political consensus in this Chamber here today is that we are here to stay. It's less than an hour since we started to discuss this item marking the past twenty-five years of this Senedd. An hour is more than enough to look back. We were elected to look forward, and to plan for the future, and that's what we're doing here, for the next twenty-five years, and, indeed, the next century.

We'll move on to the next item of business, and that is a statement by the Cabinet Secretary on priorities for climate change and rural affairs—Huw Irranca-Davies.

Thank you, Llywydd. Today, I'm very pleased to outline some key priorities in my portfolio. I will be making a further oral statement on 14 May focusing on the future of farming in Wales. I will also provide timely updates on other important matters that are not in today’s statement in the future.

This portfolio is about shared challenges and about issues that matter to people now and which are also crucial to future generations. This means responding to the climate and nature emergencies, ensuring the sustainable management of natural resources and ensuring a sustainable future for Welsh agriculture, for forestry and fisheries and the rural communities these sectors support. We can only make progress on these issues by working together—a Welsh way of doing things, where we listen, we consider evidence and then each step forward to play our part. There are also opportunities for developing skills, for green jobs and creating an economically sustainable and a just future for Wales.

Now, there are many areas where there is agreement. I want to build from where we have consensus and to work through the knottier challenges together. We will make progress where everyone plays their part. An obvious example is in our approach to tackling climate change. Our commitment to net zero is unwavering and we are developing a refreshed approach to climate change adaptation. The response to both is embedded right across the whole Cabinet. In every major emissions sector, the relevant Cabinet Secretary is driving the actions needed to deliver the current carbon budget and to determine the actions needed to deliver carbon budget 3, towards net zero by 2050. And, crucially— crucially—delivering these in a way that is fair.

Within my own portfolio, reducing emissions from the waste sector has seen strong progress. This is the product of a clear vision, sustained investment, coupled with a robust regulatory framework and strong partnership. Our workplace recycling regulations will drive further progress and create high-quality recyclate to underpin our circular economy ambitions. With the other three UK nations, I announced the next stage of extended producer responsibility scheme and progress on a deposit-return scheme. These are important initiatives for the economy and the environment, being developed in partnership. I am committed to working positively with other Governments, as was also reflected in my recent announcement about bans on single-use vapes and wet wipes containing plastic, but we will go further and faster where we can.

Managing our natural resources sustainably is key to enhancing the resilience of our ecosystems. I am encouraged that our national peatland action programme has restored 3,000 hectares since 2020. Restoring these precious ecosystems helps to create rich habitat, stores water and secures vital carbon stores, and it creates highly skilled jobs.

Our Nature Networks programme has invested over £30 million over the last two years, with a further round planned. Trees have a vital role to play in locking up carbon from the atmosphere, producing renewable timber resources, providing habitat and shelter for crops and livestock. Of course, our ambitions for tree planting and carbon sequestration is an area where the development of shared goals with farmers and land managers is crucial.

I am grateful to everyone who responded to the consultation on the environmental governance and biodiversity targets White Paper. Ensuring environmental principles are embedded in Wales and that we have a clear framework for environmental governance and biodiversity is a key priority.

There is also important work to do in implementing legislation we have already made—for example, in tackling air pollution. Working across Government, I will be prioritising the implementation of our clean air plan and the clean air Act. I'm looking forward to chairing the next river quality summit in July. Improving water quality and water ecosystems is a longstanding interest of mine. I joined the chairs of Ofwat and Natural Resources Wales at the start of May and I saw work under way to improve the River Teifi, including work to tackle metal mine pollution. Across Wales, we have now invested £15 million since 2020, and with another £5 million planned for 2024-25.

Farming, of course, has an important role to play in improving water quality. The agricultural pollution regulations were designed to tackle the causes of agricultural pollution in Wales, to contribute to outcomes for climate change, biodiversity and human health and well-being. So, the four-year review of the regulations is now under way. I want to hear from farmers and other stakeholders about the practicality of the regulations and how they can be improved. These regulations are just one example of the way strands of this portfolio come together.

Farming is at the heart of rural communities in Wales. I want to see a successful future for Welsh farming: producing food sustainably, looking after our environment and underpinning our rural communities. Future generations will be farming in much more challenging conditions, not least because of the impacts of climate change. The sustainable farming scheme will provide support for farmers to deliver these objectives. It’s vital that we get this right by working in partnership with our farmers and our stakeholders. I will be saying more about the next steps on the scheme next week, following an analysis of the consultation.

I wanted to acknowledge the important role animals play in Welsh life. Ensuring good animal welfare and animal health are win-wins and a priority for me. The risks from infectious diseases have possibly never been greater, so adopting a one-health approach aims to secure the well-being and health of people, animals and the environment that they share. Of course, not all animal diseases are easy to control, and bovine tuberculosis is a challenge we all face. We will redouble efforts to eliminate the disease from Welsh herds, to alleviate the suffering it causes to farmers and their families, and the significant costs that it incurs.

In relation to fisheries and aquaculture, our focus remains on sustainable management, focusing on and delivery of fisheries management plans and adaptive management measures, underpinned by science and evidence and developed with stakeholders. I will make a further statement outlining my priorities for the sector in the coming months. Diolch yn fawr iawn, Dirprwy Lywydd.

I'd like to thank the Cabinet Secretary for an advance copy of your statement this afternoon. I'd like to welcome you to your post formally; I don't think I've had the opportunity to do that yet.

Your statement today focused a lot on collaboration and consensus and, while collaboration is emphasised, how will the Welsh Government address potential conflicts of interests between stakeholders in the sector? You and I have talked about this grand coalition of bringing people together, but how is that going to translate into concrete actions that will actually feed into the decision-making process, and how do you intend actually bringing those people together, because they are talking from completely polar opposite views of what they expect Government policy to look like?

You also mentioned, throughout the statement, effectiveness and measurement. You highlighted progress in certain areas, like the peatland restoration projects. But how is the success of those initiatives, and others like the Nature Networks programme, going to be measured in the long term? Because they are having vast amounts of public money invested into them, so I think it's vitally important for us, as a Senedd here, that we actually know how you're going to measure that and what the outcomes of those projects are going to be.

You quite rightly mentioned the sustainable farming scheme and farming in general, and all the controversy around that at the moment, and I know you're due to make a broader statement on World Farming Week, which is next week, on the fourteenth, around this. You did emphasise in that statement that you want a successful Welsh farming industry, and that's what I want, that's what you want, and I'm sure everybody around this Chamber wants that to happen, but that can only happen when you collaborate with farmers and actually work with them. Because, at the minute, farmers feel like Government are doing things to them and actually not encouraging them to change, so I think something from you, Cabinet Secretary—I think the round-tables that you've mentioned, as well, in a previous statement—is going to be welcome. But all these initiatives have to have some teeth and they have to have measurable outcomes coming out of them, that they're not just talking shops that the Government set up.

Bovine TB, which you talked about—what I'd like to know is: what progress has the Government made on that about allowing in-calf cows to stay alive on farm if they've been diagnosed with TB? Because I think that's a really important point that we need to address and flesh out, because I don't think anybody here wants to see in-calf cows being shot on farms and then cows drowning in their mothers. I don't think that's something we want to see, it's not something the industry likes to see, so I think that's something that the Government need to update us on.

I might have missed one or two, but I'm sure James will tell me. I wrote quite a few down there.

And I'm sure you'll be succinct.

I will be very succinct. James, first of all, thank you very much for the welcome to this post. It's an exciting portfolio, a lot of challenges, but genuinely it makes me smile getting up in the morning. It's a great portfolio, covering everything we do here.

One of the themes that you raised in your issues was how do you manage stakeholder differences of opinion. Well, you actually meet with them and you discuss with them and you go with the evidence, and then you recognise that there will be times, James, when there will still be a different point right at the end of those discussions where we then have to make a decision, but that's what I'm here for. But what my commitment is—. And even though we have a statement coming forward next week specifically on farming, I've already announced with that that there will be a ministerial-led round-table where things can be escalated up for those hard decisions. But I think it's a lot of genuine listening, engaging and looking at the evidence, and that includes all the areas of the portfolio. You mentioned polar opposite views. I'm not convinced there are. That's one signal point. We actually have an immense amount of agreement. We can't keep painting people into corners of different views. Actually, the commonality of what we agree on is the important thing. Then, it's working out how do we work around those areas where there is disagreement in different areas.

Let me just touch on the peat restoration. Publicly available is some very good work already on the success of the peat restoration project, and we are motoring on that in Wales. We are putting a lot of money into it, but it's delivering success. I would strongly suggest to James and to anybody, if you haven't had the chance, go out and visit them. I've been out in the last couple of weeks to two of those. I'm planning to go to more. It's an immense success, and it creates jobs, as I mentioned in my opening statement.

You mentioned TB and on-farm slaughter. The technical advisory group, which I met with when they had their first meeting, a couple of weeks ago, very shortly into my portfolio, one of the first things they're looking at is, indeed, on-farm slaughter. I haven't seen the feedback yet from that. That expert-led panel will escalate it up to the partnership board and, inevitably, it’ll come to me as well. But I'm looking forward to that. I'm also looking forward, James, to where else they go with looking at, in the round, issues on TB.

On climate change and fisheries, you mentioned, just very briefly. We've already produced the proposals around bass and king scallop. We have a different type of fisheries in Wales than we do around the rest of the UK. I say that as a former UK fisheries Minister. It's quite different. But there are some real opportunities. So, on bass and king scallop, we've already produced a plan. Shortly coming forward are those on whelks, cockles, crabs and lobsters and so on there. And again, I was glad to meet those involved in fisheries in Swansea and west Wales in the last couple of weeks.

Thank you for your statement. I look forward to working with you in this important area.

First of all, would you agree that we must emphasise the urgency of the situation and set firm timelines in terms of when the upcoming legislation in your portfolio will be coming in? I'm looking forward greatly to seeing the coal tip safety Bill and the Bill on environmental governance and biodiversity. Do you agree that these Bills are not just administrative matters? They're also essential tools that will help us protect our environment and ensure sustainable development. Therefore, their introduction must be treated as a matter of urgency. What would you do to ensure that urgency?

Furthermore, I'd like to understand more about the structural changes in the ministerial portfolios. Although the previous Minister for Climate Change oversaw a wide spectrum of responsibilities, including housing, planning, transport and energy, these responsibilities have been redistributed. That may raise questions about how you, as the new Cabinet Secretary, will perceive your role. I take it that cross-departmental collaboration will be critical in terms of tackling climate change effectively and all the other issues under that. So, how will you work with other departments to ensure a coherent approach?

Something that we have agreed on in the past is how essential it is to obtain buy-in from the public about the need for us to reach net zero. Some recent initiatives—as we've already heard—such as the sustainable farming scheme, have proved contentious, and there are tensions there. And more generally, away from that area, there are some actors, perhaps from Westminster in particular, who are trying to agitate people against the idea of net zero anyway. How do you intend to address the tensions that exist, those that are understandable, for example, in farming, but also the doubts or suspicions that people have more generally, to ensure that the people of Wales feel that decisions are being made jointly with them, instead of being forced upon them? Because that's something where, if we don't get buy-in, it's going to make things much more difficult. How would you work to persuade those who are more sceptical about not only the gravity of the situation, but also about how possible it is that we can make a difference, that there is a purpose and urgency to what's happening in terms of those plans?

In addition, we can't ignore the issue of devolution and control over essential resources. The full devolution of the Crown Estate to Wales and powers over the Welsh grid are vital to allow us to achieve net zero. Similarly, having powers over energy without a maximum limit of 350 MW will also be vital. How will you work with the Cabinet Secretary for energy to ensure that those powers are devolved?

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Delyth. I've enjoyed working with you already, and am looking forward to continuing to work with you and other colleagues around the Chamber as we go forward, because when I talk about partnership, I mean that genuinely right across everybody in this Chamber, including right across Wales as well.

You mentioned the urgency of some of the tasks ahead of us, and particularly some of the legislation that we're keenly awaiting. The coal tip safety Bill is not in my portfolio, but it is a priority. My colleague will be bringing that forward. And certainly, the environmental governance and biodiversity—yes. I mean, the First Minister stated only last week, I think it was, on the floor of the Senedd, how hotly he is anticipating bringing that forward and getting that done. We have still, in bringing that forward, got to get it right as well, but I'm really taken by the amount of support there is out there in civic society for this. One of the advantages of being slightly behind the others in bringing forward is that we can learn from where there have been glitches elsewhere, and we can get in place a Bill that really delivers an environmental governance body that has real teeth and real effectiveness, but also where the biodiversity targets now are aligned with those UN targets that my predecessor, Julie James, went out to the COP to look at, and that we can really embed, post departure from the EU, those environmental principles very strongly. And we've been working on this for some time, so we are looking forward to that.

You mentioned the changes, structurally, within Government, and for a lot of people outside, they'll think, 'Well, what's all that about?' but it is critical. Previously, we had that big climate change Ministry, which was right of its time, I have to say, as well, and it was something that very much the UK Youth Parliament strongly supported—let's have a Ministry that really pushes this hard, because facing the nature and the climate emergencies that we had, and we continue to have as well. But the approach we have taken now is that we embed that within every single portfolio. So, the carbon budgets are there; whether it's transport, whether it's local government, whether it's housing, all aspects will need to deliver on this. And the urgency of this is exactly what we see in that very stretching second carbon budget, and the need to go even further and harder on the third carbon budget.

But it does come back to this point again. It's asking everybody to do their fair share of lifting—not one or the other, but everybody—and that's going to be challenging. So, you rightly say, 'Well how do we get the buy-in from the public?' First of all, we have to be honest about the challenges ahead of us and say to everybody, 'How can we do this together?' We do have to argue it in terms of not only climate justice and the climate emergency, but actually social justice as well, because we can see the upsides and the downsides: the upsides of taking action, although it sometimes necessitates some difficult decisions, but the downsides of not taking action. So, whether that is, for example, in the way that we take forward the future of agricultural production in Wales, to make sure that that has more resilience to the future challenges, the challenges we're now seeing of increasingly wet weather more often, more prolonged and the impact that has, or whether it's things like, for example, next year, we understand, in England where they have the landfill tax, there is an increase in that in England of 20 per cent. Well, that's exactly why we are trying to do what we're doing in the workplace regulations and other recycling schemes, to avoid those pressures coming on our businesses as well. So, I think it's looking at that just transition for everybody, and that's why we're so adamant, whether it's on steel, and having a just transition and arguing for a different future for that, or whether it's on farming and everything in between.

I have a number of speakers on this statement, therefore, I urge you to stick to your time of one minute. Carolyn Thomas.

Cabinet Secretary, without biodiversity there is no food, there is no economy. The UK's one of the most nature depleted countries, due a lot to land management, and climate change is further exacerbating it. I recently attended a presentation that showed a field sodden with rain, and unable to plant, but the depth was dry, so it would also be impacted by drought in a few months' time. This is because of intensive land management. The field margins were fine.

Cabinet Secretary, would you look to rebuild resilience to climate change in the SFS with a choice or a suite of climate change and nature benefits, such as the harvesting of rainwater from farm buildings, maintaining ditches under riparian ownership, as well as maintaining hedges and edges for biodiversity, and perhaps even looking at less intensive ways of managing that land? Thank you.

Carolyn, thank you very much for that question. Can I just commend you as well on hosting the biodiversity stalls and event that we had there, with what I described as an army of people there, working right across Wales on some of these important issues? It was really exhilarating to see them all gathered there, and I wish them well in going back to all their local projects and delivering there.

But you're right in what you're saying: everything we do from here on, everything we have been doing, has to be geared towards building resilience into our land management as well as our agriculture. When, only within the last couple of weeks, working with the farming unions and with the supply chain, we hosted an extreme wet weather summit, it was a recognition that what we saw at the very start of that summit was projections from the Met Office showing that this is not a one-off; it's not even a five-year pattern; this is now a long-term trend. With the increased moisture in the environment, we are going to get deluges for prolonged periods. We'll have odd years that don't fit the pattern, but the trend is very clear, and then we'll have droughts in the summer. So, actually building into everything we do, whether it's the future of sustainable farming, or whether it's those wider nature recovery and biodiversity initiatives, that resilience of land management in every single thing we do.

So, I absolutely agree with that, and again, it's working with people out there; the wide expertise that we have, not just in academia, not just in the farming community, not just in wildlife and environmental organisations, but a lot of good practical first-hand experience as well as good data to say which way do we do this. Because if we don't succeed in this, future generations will not thank us for just carrying on with business as usual. We've got to build resilience into our future land management.

Welcome into your new role. Of almost 3,900 animals, plants and fungi studied, one in six are at risk of extinction here in Wales. We've long declared a nature crisis, yet we have no legally binding nature recovery target. We only have a temporary environmental governance officer. An overemphasis on planting trees that is really worrying our farmers, yet a square metre of seagrass captures triple the amount of the equivalent from a rainforest. We have Project Seagrass in Wales, but we should be investing more in making such projects bigger.

Progress could also be made in the marine area by doing more in relation to planning salt marshes, shellfish and ceasing bottom trawling. Conwy Mussels and the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University have amazing examples of what they're doing, and I would like to invite you, Minister, to come with me and see them first-hand. The statement only has one sentence about marine policy, and in the Climate Change Committee report we had in the committee meeting that you were present at with me, even Lord Deben said we really need to hold the feet of the Welsh Government to the fire regarding marine policy. We cannot overlook flooding, either—

Janet, you need to ask a question, please.

So, all of these are key examples: closure of the blast furnaces, closure of high-quality agricultural land to farming and closure of Ffos-y-fran. Our First Minister has called transferring Welsh jobs and emissions to other parts of the world the way to go. Would you agree with me, Minister, that we have to take responsibility for our own aspirations for net zero and we shouldn't be offloading our responsibilities to other countries that then see us importing things back into Wales? That just makes a mockery of net zero. Diolch.

Janet, thank you for your welcome to my post. On that last point in particular, yes, entirely, and this is why the EU is now looking at carbon budgeting. We're slightly behind the curve in the UK, but we would support the UK Government in getting on with this, because we're at a slight economic, as well as climate, disadvantage in not being right there right now. We're going to be a couple of years behind, but we're very supportive of moving on with that. But the point is absolutely right: whether it's importing food products—. I'm going to try and avoid—. It's not my style to make big, heavy-hitting political points, but some of the trade deals that we've now come through with are opening up the markets to food that is being transported right across the world, not being produced to the same animal welfare standards, let alone wider environmental standards, that we have here in Wales. There's something wrong about that, fundamentally, so maybe we can look at fixing that.

The same applies, I say, even though it's outside my direct portfolio with having the responsibility for net zero and carbon budgets, to the issue of steel. This is why we are so fixed on saying that electric arc is part of the future, absolutely, let's invest in that, but we also need primary steel making, because when we get to that point where we're actually building the offshore floating rigs and we're looking for good primary steel to do it, we need that production here. So, your point is well made: let's keep the jobs here, but that needs to apply across all these policies where we are dealing with carbon emissions. Keep them here, keep the expertise here and keep the opportunities here for the economy and jobs.

Cabinet Secretary, I'm sure, as you reflect on the sustainable farming scheme consultation responses, that you will be increasingly aware of how the costs incurred and income forgone basis of payment is seen by many as being an insufficient incentive to attract participants into the scheme, especially, of course, when you set that against the very long list of universal actions that participants will be mandated to deliver as part of the scheme. So, as you consider changes to the scheme—and I'm asking you this now and not next week so that you can maybe mull over this before next week—do you accept that the Government needs to strike a better balance between the actions required and the incentives offered in order to attract sufficient participants into the scheme? Of course, if there's nobody to deliver the SFS, then the SFS will deliver for nobody.

Yes, entirely, I accept that. We have to actually not just bring farmers with us, because that suggests a slightly paternalist, 'If we can package things, then everybody is with us.' But it's actually doing this with farmers, genuinely producing the outcomes of the SFS with wider partners out there as well, including the environmental organisations and so on, including academia—Aberystwyth University, Bangor University and others in some of our areas of expertise—but doing it with people. Because we have to have not only sign-up, because we are directing public money towards things that are of real value to wider society—clean rivers, good soil, et cetera—in which case, we should be rewarding that, absolutely, but we do also need to make sure on the back of the 12,000 responses that we've had—. As I'll make clear next week, I'd be surprised if we didn't have some specific work streams, some adjustment. And part of that will be to look at how we better explain, how we embed social value within this taking forward. Because there is a part of what we're trying to do that is not simply to do with the technicalities of different measures on different fields on different farms, but actually sustaining a type of farming that we regard as precious for very good reasons here in Wales, because that farming sustains rural communities. We keep people on the farms, they keep the thriving communities, the Welsh language—all of these issues. That is an outcome worth, as one of the responses from the farming union said the other day, burning the midnight oil over. I was criticised, by the way, for saying that I quite enjoyed that turn of phrase, 'burning the midnight oil'; apparently as the climate change Minister, I'm not allowed to use that. But I think people know what I mean.

Thank you, Cabinet Secretary, for your statement here today setting out some of your key priorities for your portfolio.

I want to focus today on how we can support people affected by one of those consequences of climate change, namely flooding, with particular reference to people living in Clydach Terrace in Ynysybwl and their awful experience just over four years ago during storm Dennis. A 6 ft tidal wave of water surged into properties, with residents of 19 homes having to be rescued by boat from upstairs windows, causing significant damage to homes and longer term damage to their emotional well-being. Without wanting to be unduly dramatic, it really was a miracle that nobody died.

I have two questions. Generally, what continuing priority will you give to protecting homes from the effects of flooding in Wales, and specifically, would you come with me and my colleague Heledd Fychan—we're working cross party on this important issue—to meet the residents of Clydach Terrace, who are waiting anxiously for the production of a business case from NRW as to the way forward for their homes?

Vikki, thank you very much for that question in relation to the statement. I think anybody who has watched on the media the pictures of the people in Ynysybwl being affected, time after time, not just during storm Dennis but regularly—and we can see the pattern, as I was describing earlier: this is the type of weather incident we now have—our hearts go out to them. The trauma of having your home devastated and the feeling you have of personal risk, and so on, is hard to imagine, unless you've been there in that situation. I know you and Heledd have been along, and Andrew Morgan, the leader of Rhondda Cynon Taf as well. I know that my predecessor in this role had several conversations over the last year with representatives and with NRW on the possible options going forward. It is challenging because, as you know, the topography of that valley and the engineering solutions are very challenging, but that doesn't mean that we shouldn't proceed with pace.

My personal feeling is that I would like NRW to progress the scheme as their priority. I know that NRW officials are aware of this and they're working, with pace, alongside the community to develop options, but there are those challenges of topography and the type of engineering solution that there might be. But I'm very, very happy to come along with you and Heledd and whoever else to meet with them and hear from them first-hand, because there is, frankly, no substitute for speaking to people whose lives have been devastated by this and who live in continuing fear of what next year, next season might bring. So, we'll make the arrangements, Vikki and Heledd, to come and meet with you and meet with residents. I cannot offer overnight solutions, I do not want to raise expectations that I come in and click my fingers and say, 'That's it, we've sorted it', because NRW have to work through, very carefully, the options, but I want to see them proceed with pace on this so that people's minds can be put at rest.

One of the Cabinet Secretary's priorities is, of course, the environment and ensuring that the people of Wales are as safe as possible from air pollution, and he's referred to that in his statement today. Sadly, in my constituency, people's lives are being severely affected by the foul odours coming from Withyhedge landfill site, and despite the public health concerns around those odours, Natural Resources Wales is failing to protect those residents. I believe that the operator's licence should be revoked immediately. As every day passes, local residents are further affected by this stink and stench; this situation is now totally unacceptable.

According to Healthy Air Cymru, the Cabinet Secretary is a healthy air champion and is even quoted as saying that reducing air pollution will not only benefit our health but also reduce emissions that are leading to climate change. I couldn't agree more, and so I ask the Cabinet Secretary what steps he will take to ensure that this matter is urgently resolved for my constituents living around the Withyhedge site, and perhaps he could also tell us what specific new measures he plans to introduce to tackle air pollution and help protect the environment.

Paul, thank you very much for that question, and thank you as well for the conversations that we've had in passing here raising your concerns about this. This does need to be sorted, without a doubt. Residents' minds need to be put at rest that these odours can be ended and that action will be taken. I understand the concerns of the local community, and this has been going on now for quite some time. There is a need for swift action to prevent these odours arising from the site, and this has been emphasised to Natural Resources Wales, so they are very aware as well. They've increased their presence on site, as you know; they'll continue to update the community, to keep them updated with what's happening on their website as the activities progress; and they have served enforcement notices on the landfill operator, who is required to cover all exposed waste and complete landfill engineering work to contain and collect landfill gas.

But to be clear, Paul, if the operator fails to comply with the final deadline of the notice, NRW will be looking to take the appropriate enforcement action, in line with their enforcement and prosecution policy, which may, possibly, result in prosecution for breach of notice. So, they're very clear about the action that follows if this is not sorted. NRW are responding as a priority to resolve the issue, and I would encourage, Paul, all residents who contact you, and others, to continue to report any instances of odour to NRW, because this will help inform them of the effectiveness of the on-site activity and, possibly, with any subsequent prosecution, if it does come to that.

Thank you so much for your positive response to Vikki Howells. Certainly, flooding devastated so many communities in 2020, as, of course, we've seen repeatedly, but the risk to life at that time was considerable and continues to be so. At the time, following the floods, NRW published a report and emphasised the need for a national conversation. They mentioned that they were 70 jobs short of being able to deal with the scale of those floods. So, can I ask, perhaps, whether you could bring a statement before long updating us on the current situation—because, obviously, with extreme weather comes more extreme risk to our communities—so that we are assured that work is going ahead?

May I also ask about the clean air Act? I'm pleased to see that commitment in your statement to prioritise that. Chwarel Craig-yr-Hesg—Craig-yr-Hesg quarry—is in my region. Residents are very concerned that the life has been extended, and about the impact of the dust from the quarrying there. Is that something that we could, please, try to progress with you, with the clean air Act, to ensure that no community continues to suffer risk from quarrying?

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Heledd. When I come out to meet residents with you and Vikki, I'll make sure I come armed with as much information as I possibly can from NRW on how they can proceed at pace, because, as you say, it's not only the effect on their homes, but their feeling of lives at risk. I've seen that previously when I was, in 2009, the environment Minister in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and we responded to the 2009 Cumbria flooding, visiting people in homes and businesses who were absolutely devastated there, and there was loss of life in that situation as well. So, I'm more than happy to try to come with as much information as I can, but I don't want to raise expectations that I can suddenly just deliver something.

On Craig-yr-Hesg, the responsibility for that lies within another portfolio, primarily, but issues of air quality, of course, are clearly pertinent to my portfolio. I'll happily speak with my Cabinet colleague and discuss that, and how air quality issues can also be monitored effectively on the ground, so that, if needed, we can give assurance to residents who have understandable concerns, but also assure them that the correct monitoring is under way as well. But I'm happy to speak to you further about that as well, and what we can do.

I welcome the understanding that managing our natural resources is the key to enhancing the resilience of our ecosystems. I'm also very encouraged that the national peatlands action programme has restored 3,000 hectares since 2020. Restoring these precious ecosystems helps create rich habitats, stores water, secures vital carbon stores and creates high-skilled jobs. I support the return of the apex predators like native white-tailed eagles, because without an increase in apex predators, mid-food-chain animals like rats increase.

I also want to stress the important roles animals play in Welsh life, ensuring good animal welfare and animal health I am pleased are the Minister's priority. But that I can buy a rabbit tomorrow, with no training and no knowledge, is, I believe, fundamentally wrong. Will the Minister support the provision of short training courses for people purchasing animals? I believe the most animal cruelty is caused by ignorance, not by cruelty.

Finally, on river pollution, we cannot continue as we are. Nitrification in the River Wye and raw sewage in the River Tawe are just two examples. Although nitrification is a natural process, man-made nitrification is far more common in the rapid process caused by a variety of polluting inputs. What are the Minister's proposals to improve river water quality?

Thank you very much, Mike. I think it's this week Alun Davies has a debate on the reintroduction of white-tailed sea eagles, which I'm looking forward to responding to, but it is remarkable, some of the success stories that we've had. People look around now and they see red kites everywhere. There was a time where you didn't see them, but now they're a success story, not only here in parts of Wales, but because of the success in Wales, you go to a city centre—Newcastle—and you see them flying above a school that has branded itself after the red kite. So, the issues of what we can do based on species is very interesting, but I'm not going to pre-empt what I'm saying tomorrow on the debate on white-tailed eagles.

But you rightly flag up some of the big successes. Peat restoration is just mind-blowingly successful in terms of carbon sequestration, but also in terms of the skilled young people I've seen doing it. I spoke to four youngsters on the top of an upland peat bog about three weeks ago—drenched, by the way; I was absolutely drenched through—and what was exciting was they described to me with real enthusiasm what they'd been doing, and they'd done 39,000 interventions on that peat bog to hold the water back over the last couple of years. Some of them were very small scale, but 39,000 interventions, and they were evangelical about what this was doing in terms of nature and biodiversity.

You raised an interesting point about short training courses for owners. Mike, I'm somebody who has followed in line with our approach that we're trying to promote in Wales through our social media campaign, #PausePreventProtect, reminding prospective purchasers of their need to do research before buying a pet, and also encouraging them to adopt, instead of shopping. I have two rescue cats—they're gorgeous; slightly odd, but they're gorgeous, a bit like me. [Laughter.] No, not the gorgeous bit—slightly odd. You know what I mean. [Laughter.] Yes, okay, thank you. But responsible pet ownership begins before you get that pet. You need to know, whether it's a rabbit, a gerbil, a tortoise, a dog, a cat, exactly what you are taking on. This is not a light responsibility. You do raise an interesting aspect over short training courses—perhaps we can discuss it further. I'd be keen to know whether that would be voluntary, whether it would be something you could encourage, whether you could work with some of the animal welfare organisations out there to promote that, because some of them do good work in this space already.

Cabinet Secretary, thank you for your statement. You will know that much good work is going on on the Gwent levels, a very precious area for nature and biodiversity—good work by local communities, local environmental groups and the Living Levels Landscape Partnership. And I chair a committee that works with all those partners to look at how we get better protection through the planning system, through sites of special scientific interest, as well as further enhancing the land and building on the good work to date.

Cabinet Secretary, part of that work is about enhancing and making good use for nature of some of the land that was being put aside for a possible M4 relief road, and there's some interesting work going on there on, as I say, how we better use that land for nature. So, do you think that you might come along, hopefully quite soon, Cabinet Secretary, to meet with the key partners involved in all of that good work, and to see for yourself first-hand what's involved?

John, thank you very much for that. Can I just commend the work that you're doing, but also all those involved in the living levels partnership? Genuinely, it's inspirational. And what's also inspirational is seeing how you can actually restore areas that were previously under threat, and actually bring them back into real thriving environmental life where you're restoring biodiversity, both for species, but also for wider flora and fauna as well. I’ve visited before as a backbencher. I look forward to actually visiting again and coming along with you, John, to see it. I can’t tell you exactly when, but I’m sure my private office will be listening. One of the things that I’ve found out, as my predecessor in this role probably knows as well—I get a heck of a lot of invitations now to some of the nicest parts of Wales, so I do look forward to joining you, hopefully sooner rather than later.

Yn sydyn iawn, very briefly, I'd just like to raise the issue of BVD, bovine viral diarrhoea, please. It’s a terrible disease for those animals, and a statement was made back in January 2023, by the previous Minister then, saying that she would look at introducing legislation and we should expect another announcement. But so far I’ve not seen that information. Can you just confirm whether or not you are legislating around ensuring that testing will be carried out for BVD, and that if action is going to be taken on this terrible disease, it will be funded and enforceable as well through legislation?

Dirprwy Lywydd, there was always going to be one question in this session, four weeks into my role, that would floor me, that I wasn't prepared for, and that’s the one. But what I will say is I’ll go back and check with my officials and see where we are on that, if a commitment has been made. My guess is that this is going to be to do with secondary regulations, so I will go and check, and I’ll write to the Member then, and if need be, if he wants to raise it again in the debate next week on the future of farming, I’m more than happy to answer on the floor of the Senedd as well.

I thank the Cabinet Secretary.

Item 5 today is the statement by the Cabinet Secretary for Local Government, Housing and Planning: working with local government to deliver more affordable housing. I call on the Cabinet Secretary, Julie James.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. My new portfolio of housing, local government and planning brings together the key elements required to deliver my topmost priorities—tackling homelessness and the commitment to deliver 20,000 additional homes for rent in the social sector.

We can only deliver our shared ambitions by working together, which is why I am looking forward to working with local authority leaders and colleagues once again. One of first things I want to do in this new portfolio is to formalise the strategic relationship between the Welsh Government and local government, to agree an approach across this Government that enshrines our local authorities as trusted partners. This relationship, or this Welsh way of working, will underpin the delivery of our commitments, including the delivery of new affordable homes, but also many other shared initiatives over the coming years.

As I have said before, our target for additional social homes for rent is challenging, and I make no apologies for that. But by working more closely and effectively with local government, and by continuing to strengthen the resilience of planning services, we can maximise our chance of delivering those much-needed homes in Wales.

Our national development plan, 'Future Wales', identifies that over the period 2019 to 2039 around 110,000 new homes will be required in Wales. And without more affordable homes we cannot realise the ambition of eradicating homelessness set out in our recent White Paper—an ambition with local government at its very heart.

Our most recent statistics show that in 2022-23, delivery of affordable housing by our local authority partners was 685 units, or 20 per cent, meaning local authority delivery has tripled in the last five years. Local Government also has the prime leadership role, working in partnership with the wider housing sector to prevent homelessness.

As a Government we have demonstrated our support to delivering affordable homes through our record investment in the social housing grant, additional investment and flexibility through the transitional accommodation capital programme, and the much-needed uplift to the housing support grant. We are also tackling practical barriers to delivery, through our work with Plaid Cymru, as part of the co-operation agreement, on Unnos, our work on local government delivery programmes and work with local government to bring empty properties back into use.

Dirprwy Lywydd, our homes must also be safe, and I was pleased to recently announce that, unique to Wales, every residential building over 11m has a route to remediation, irrespective of the presence of cladding. I am also legislating for safety in this Senedd term to establish a new regulatory system in Wales, creating clear lines of accountability and imposing a range of statutory duties on relevant duty holders of multi-occupied residential buildings. I know local authorities are best placed to take on the role of regulator, linking closely with housing and building control responsibilities that already come within their remit. Clearly, a joined-up approach to addressing housing security and supply is absolutely fundamental.

But, Dirprwy Lywydd, these are extremely challenging times, with public finances under immense pressure. My task is to make sure local government is in the best shape to deliver our shared priorities and local agendas, and this includes the need for local authorities to work together better in regions to make sure we can make the most of operational scale through larger services. I see the corporate joint committees as the vehicles through which we can achieve this, and I am keen to engage with the leadership of the CJCs to ensure we make the most of the opportunities they provide, such as through pooled budgets and sharing essential personnel and skills.

Dirprwy Lywydd, one area in which austerity has impacted severely is local planning authority budgets. The planning system is critical to the delivery of affordable homes, however planning departments are overstretched and delays in determining planning applications are evident. This is where CJCs can make a real difference, utilising a pool of resources and expertise to improve resilience and create a more effective planning system in Wales. This will build upon the work already under way to improve planning services. I have already announced my intention to consult on an increase in planning application fees, and there is also more applicants can do to improve the quality of planning applications, something I have asked the Design Commission for Wales to assist with.

We are, however, fortunate that we have complete coverage of local development plans. I believe strongly that all development should be plan led rather than developer led, ensuring that communities have a say in what happens where and when. For this reason, LDPs must be reviewed in a timely manner, and I encourage our local authorities to progress this work. The steps we are taking to strengthen the resilience of planning services will help speed up this process.

And, Dirprwy Lywydd, we are already supporting councils and housing associations to build more homes. Our successful collaboration with local authorities to develop a new approach to undertaking local housing market assessments, or LHMAs, has reaffirmed the need for significantly more affordable housing. We already have in place a number of planning policy interventions to ensure land is available for affordable housing schemes. Through the LDP review process, we are encouraging local planning authorities to identify affordable housing-led sites where at least 50 per cent of the housing must be affordable. I will also consult on removing hope value from land acquisitions for affordable housing where compulsory purchase is necessary.

Local authorities are also key delivery partners for wider priority housing programmes, such as helping us to develop our land portfolio for affordable home construction in places such as Slade Lane in Haverfordwest and Sandy Bay in Porthcawl. I am encouraged by the excellent work the new political leadership in Monmouthshire County Council is undertaking to ensure that all housing allocations in their replacement LDP include at least 50 per cent affordable housing. I will continue to work with Monmouthshire and other councils who want to take the same approach.

And, Dirprwy Lywydd, it's very important to me that I have regular and open engagement with leaders and local authority colleagues, and that my Cabinet colleagues have the opportunity to do so too. If we are to make headway on the shared challenges we face, it is vital we can speak honestly and openly, even if those conversations will sometimes be difficult. With a stronger, more resilient planning system and a more strategic relationship with local authorities, I am confident we can maximise our chances and deliver more affordable homes in Wales. Diolch.

In the last year Conservatives were responsible for housing in Wales, 1996-97, 10,088 new dwellings were delivered, including 2,571 new homes for social rent. In the first year of a Labour Welsh Government, just 846 new social homes were completed. Twenty years ago, this fell to 433, and 10 years ago it was just 683. In fact, official StatsWales figures showed that the number of new social homes in Wales fell by over 70 per cent during the first three Assembly terms, as waiting lists mushroomed. In the last year that figures are available for now, Welsh Government delivered just 5,785 new dwellings, including just 1,203 new homes for social rent, only 47 per cent of the figure inherited from Conservatives. So, what is the Cabinet Secretary's assessment of the impact of that legacy on the supply and numbers of affordable homes in Wales today?

Further, when she refers to working with local government to deliver more affordable homes, is she referring just to social homes for rent or is she also referring to intermediate rents, rent to buy, shared ownership and low-cost home ownership?

It is now two decades since the sector first launched the Homes for All Cymru campaign, warning that Wales faced an affordable housing supply crisis unless urgent action was taken, but they were ignored. The 2012 UK housing review stated, quote:

'It was the Welsh Government itself that gave housing lower priority in its overall budgets',

so that, by 2009-10, it had by far the lowest proportional level of housing expenditure of any of the four UK countries.

The Holman report and reports from the house building industry, the Chartered Institute of Housing, the Bevan Foundation and the Federation of Master Builders all said that Wales needed between 12,000 and 15,000 homes a year, including 5,000 social homes. Even more modest forecasts since identified a need for up to 8,300 new homes a year. However, only 5,720 homes have been delivered, on average, annually in Wales, between 2010 and December 2023, barely half the rate delivered in England, at an annual average of just 940 homes for social rent over the same period. Why, therefore, despite all the warnings and reports, has the Welsh Government continued to underdeliver so spectacularly, further exacerbating the affordable housing supply crisis that they created in Wales during the first three Assembly terms?

The Welsh Government set a target to deliver 20,000 new low-carbon homes for social rent during this Senedd term. However, only 2,825 new dwellings were completed by registered social landlords and local authorities in the first three of the five years to last December. Simply put, not enough homes are being built, meaning that supply isn't meeting demand, driving house prices, rents and waiting lists up. Realistically, therefore, how are you going to turbocharge new supply now in order to meet your target, when just two years remain for you to do this?

Mark, you need to conclude now, please.

—exacerbating existing property shortages and rent increases for tenants and fewer properties being available. So, what assurance, if any, can you give to the participants in your evaluation, that you'll reopen the legislation and deal with the issues that the sector and I warned you about during the preceding Bill's legislative process?

And finally, two years ago, we welcomed—

No, Mark, you've gone over your time, so you need to conclude now, thank you.

Okay. Well, how will the Welsh Government work with local authorities to deliver more affordable homes for Ukrainian refugees in Wales?

Well, thank you for that series of comments and questions—I think. Just to start off with some of the statistics that you quoted, Mark, and just to be really clear what we're talking about here, when the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats took over the UK Government in 2010, they changed the definitions of low-cost housing and affordable housing. They introduced a new category called 'affordable rent'. Those rents can reach 80 per cent of market rates. That was a new thing that wasn't there before, but it still counts as social housing. So, much of the social housing in the quotes that you just gave me for the English side of the border are those houses. In fact, when you delve into that, just to be very clear, you said 700,000 homes—that is the statistic that's often quoted—270,000 of those were in the affordable rent category, so that's much more expensive than homes for social rent, and the rest were mostly lower cost home ownership. And then if you look at how many actual classic social rent homes have been built, we have 170,000, but most of the old ones have been sold off or demolished. So, figures suggest that 300,000 of those have been sold off or demolished. So, what you've actually got across the border in England is a net loss of 100,000 socially rented homes. The affordable rent category you're talking about is the 80 per cent category, so just to be really clear here in the Senedd what we're talking about.

Here in the Welsh Government, we're talking about homes for social rent. I've been extremely clear about that: this is not some affordable rent category, these are homes in the social sector, rented at social rents. That's what we're trying to build here in Wales. We've allocated record levels of funding to the social housing grant to achieve this: £250 million in 2021-22, which doubled the budget, £300 million in 2022-23, £300 million in 2023-24, and £330 million in 2024-25. As you know, Mark, we've faced very difficult choices during this budget process; this is the worst budget that Wales has ever received from a Conservative Government, done at the last minute, right before Christmas, with very little planning attached to it. It is very difficult to understand the pipeline for a construction project with that kind of timescale, but, nevertheless, because we've worked hard with our registered social landlords and our stock-holding local authorities to stabilise the grant system, we have managed to maintain the build.

I've been very clear that the 20,000 social homes for rent is a hard target to reach, particularly given the cost-of-living crisis, the appalling Liz Truss Government inflationary pressures that we've faced and the global supply chain problems exacerbated by Brexit. So, let's be really clear what we're looking at. Nevertheless, we are still on target to deliver it. We work very hard with local authorities inside the planning system to understand what planning applications are live, where the plans are, right down granularly to every single site in Wales, where we can tell you what the planning application status is and whether the homes are likely to be built. We're currently working on a target to bring forward specifically social homes for rent with 50 per cent affordability on them, and I commend Monmouthshire County Council for the work they've done on that, alongside others.

Firstly, I must express disappointment at the lack of new initiatives or strategies outlined in the statement. It appears to reiterate existing commitments without offering any innovative approaches to address the pressing housing affordability crisis in Wales. One crucial aspect that requires clarification is how the Government defines affordability in housing. Without a clear definition, it is challenging to assess the effectiveness of policies aimed at addressing this issue. Moreover, while the target of delivering 20,000 new social homes by 2026 is commendable, recent developments in Ireland highlight the potential for surpassing such targets. Ireland's success in delivering over 32,000 new homes in 2023 alone, exceeding their targets by almost 13 per cent, begs the question of whether our target is ambitions enough.

I urge the Cabinet Secretary to explain why the Welsh Government is not utilising the full range of financial levers at its disposal to invest in social housing. Measures such as borrowing, the introduction of land value tax in Wales, tapping into pension funds and leveraging rental streams could significantly bolster our efforts to increase the supply of affordable homes. Neither have we heard of any steps to identify land that might be available to develop, crucial for any plan to increase house building in Wales. The first step, of course, would be a cadastral map of Wales, identifying who owns what and where, and ensuring that the most valuable commodity, public land, isn't sold off. Furthermore, Plaid Cymru advocates for a bold vision, wherein a larger proportion of Wales’s housing stock is municipal housing, akin to levels seen before Thatcher’s policies. This vision, roughly 30 per cent of housing stock, aligns with models seen in the Netherlands and many European cities today, where municipal housing plays a crucial role in providing affordable housing options. Importantly, the statement fails to address the holistic aspect of housing development. Building communities involves more than just constructing houses. It requires careful consideration of factors such as employment, education and transport needs. We must ensure that homes are built where they are needed and that they contribute to vibrant, sustainable communities.

The pressing need for social housing is undeniable, with over 12,000 individuals currently in temporary accommodation, and a chronic undersupply of affordable housing options. While we welcome the Welsh Government's investment in developing low-carbon homes at social rent, concerns remain regarding the pace and scale of current development efforts. The latest figures on housing need underscore the urgency of the situation, with a significant shortfall in the delivery of affordable homes compared to actual demand. It is imperative that the Welsh Government takes bold and decisive action to address this disparity and accelerate the pace of affordable housing delivery across Wales.

Diolch, Mabon. I don't disagree with anything you just said, other than the need for new policies. I'm very keen not to have, actually, any new initiatives. I'm very keen to make sure that the initiatives and strategies we have are actually delivered on the ground. Diverting us on to yet another strategy is not where I'm at at all. So, we have concentrated fiercely, and I'm very pleased that we have done so, on delivering the commitments we have and unlocking the potential of Wales.

I had a small smile at the land value tax. We've been arguing with UK Government about a vacant land tax—Mark is in the Chamber—I think since I was young, frankly. It's just been going on forever. I really hope that we'll have a Government that's capable of understanding what devolution really is and that we can do that. In the meantime, I have instructed the officials to work on a set of documents here for Wales in which we can, during a compulsory purchase, discount what's called 'hope value', which will make the land more accessible. And we have just trained 850 councillors and staff, right across Wales, on compulsory purchase techniques. So, I agree with you, we need to bring more empty land—. Not just for buildings, just to be clear, for land as well, suitable land.

I've also done a piece of work right across Wales, with every single council, going through their local development plan process in great and granular detail, looking at every single site that's allocated for housing, asking them, as I said during the statement, to renew their LDPs where necessary, to redo their local market housing assessments, and make sure that the sites that are in those LDPs can be brought forward for housing and haven't just been allocated for housing forever and a day and, actually, when you go look at it, it really isn't suitable.

We have three funds available to bring land into use—so, stalled sites funds, land remediation funds and so on—to assist with the cost of bringing contaminated land or land that needs remediation of one sort or another into use. That's the case for a very large proportion of the brownfield sites in Wales, which is where we want to concentrate the housing.

I've also worked very hard as part of the river summits, again under the previous First Minister's original chairmanship, and I've discussed with my colleague, Huw Irranca-Davies and the new First Minister, continuing that process. By doing that, we've unlocked thousands of homes in the planning system, particularly in the north-west, actually, because of the phosphate issue. So, my colleague, Huw, will have been talking about his priorities, but one of them is to make sure that we can get that housing built, but at the same time not degrade our special areas of conservation rivers any further and, in fact, we'd like to improve them as part of the process. So, we're working very hard on that.

John Griffiths, as Chair of the Local Government and Housing Committee.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. Cabinet Secretary, you've mentioned in your statement a new approach, in working with local authorities, to the local housing market assessments, and that that reaffirmed the need for significantly more affordable housing. The 20,000 target is based, I think, on 2019 estimates of additional housing need, and I just wonder, in the light of this new approach, if you could say a little bit more about what that means for assessments. If we are going to improve how we assess housing need in Wales, what then are the implications for the 20,000 target?

Yes, that's a very good question. What we've asked is for local planning authorities to review their LDPs, particularly the housing allocations therein, but they're doing a full review. We're also asking all local authorities in Wales to work at the CJC level on the strategic planning arrangements, so that we have some certainty about where infrastructure is necessary. So, when you're looking at what various developments need to build, we know what the school, GP, road, et cetera, requirement is for that, so we can understand the affordability envelope. A lot of our social homes are built by private sector developers, and we have the constant argument about what the percentage of affordable homes is on that development, inside the mythical—. 'Mythical'—I don't mean 'mythical'. I mean the fabled affordability envelope. And then the argument about what is affordable and so on is a really big problem for us. So, partly, we want the LDP local market housing assessments to come forward and tell us categorically not only what is the need across the particular local authority area, but down to site level—what we expect to see on these sites—so that we have a better negotiating point, so, in fairness to the developers, they understand what they're being asked to fund as well, and they can make their plans accordingly.

We've also worked very hard with the RSLs and with the stock-holding authorities to make sure that their plans are robust on the ground, and again that they have the land available for that development. I should have said—I can't remember whether it was Mark or Mabon who brought it up—that we have actually worked on a map right across Wales of potential land. Lleu, it's called. We've been working on that for some time, and again, sorry to be always mentioning the colleague to your immediate rear there, but he started this in Cwm Taf health board, a piece of work quite a long time ago now, which we've been rolling out ever since, about mapping the availability of public land and buildings, and what we can do with them for the greater public good. That's a piece of work that's been ongoing for some time.

Where the local market housing assessment reveals the need for more housing, then that can be accommodated, and we'll be working with the local authorities across Wales. But actually what we're finding is that we had quite a lot of sites earmarked for housing that probably aren't ever going to come forward. So, it's much more about being realistic about where that housing is likely to come forward, what the density looks like and how that can be made to happen on the ground, than it is about increasing the numbers, really. We're pretty sure we know what the numbers are.

I recently met with registered social landlords in north Wales. They really welcomed the transitional accommodation support grant as well as the lift to the housing support grant, which I know you found later on in the budget, which is fantastic. But they conveyed how difficult it is to get through the planning process. One application took nearly three years and £250,000. And they said that some authorities in north Wales are better at delegation than others. So, I welcome you saying about using the CJCs, but I'm a little bit concerned about them devolving to it still. So, I'd just like to ask how you are hoping to achieve this, working with the local authorities. They also said they need support for construction, for the construction sector. There's a vulnerability of supply chain and workforce. So, how is Welsh Government hoping to address this? Thank you.

Yes, thanks, Carolyn. So, there is a range of things there. We have a construction forum, and it's now chaired by my colleague Jeremy Miles, but we have a subsection of that, which is the housing building forum, and we meet very regularly with those. We're always looking for more SME builders that haven't become part of the forum to join in. Everyone is welcome, so if you do know of anyone who doesn't come regularly to the forum, then do encourage them to write in and ask to join. We encourage everyone to join. And what we do in that forum is that we discuss generic planning trends and we try to unlock some of the issues there. We also discuss support packages for SME builders to make sure that they can ensure that they have constant demand, so that they can sort out their supply chain appropriately.

We've been working very hard with them on something that my colleague Jane Hutt introduced, actually, which is the contract—. I can't remember what it's called, but basically it's the contract budgeting, so that the tier 1 contractors put the money for the contract to one side, so that we don't have the problem of sub-contractors not being able to get their money for some considerable time. That is not as widely used as we'd like across Wales, so we will be pushing for that as well, because we have had a couple of big failures in the SME market recently, and we think probably they could have been assisted if they had had those contract plans in place. And it was quite some time ago now, wasn't it, that we developed that, so we will be working hard to do that.

And then just in terms of planning resource, planning resource is a scarce commodity, and it's sought after in the developer community as well as in the public sector. So, what we have to do is we have to ensure that we have a career path for planning officers inside the public sector, right across local authorities and the Welsh Government, that allows us to retain those skills in the public sector and not just have them disappear into the developer community. And, quite honestly, unpopular though it is, the best way to do that is to have a regional planning service, so that you can have better career grades and better resilience and people are not so stressed in terms of the caseload they have. I'm also going to be working with local authorities to make sure that the planning system actually does charge the full cost of the planning application. That is not just the planners, remember, that is all of the other officers—highway officers and everybody else who is involved in a planning application. So, it's a wider piece than that.

And then to work with the local authorities to make sure that that money is actually reused inside the planning system and not just sucked into other funding. And I don't say that lightly. We all know the pressures that local authorities are under and the pressure to pull that money elsewhere, but if we cannot get the economic development that Mabon mentioned under way with this—this is one of the big economic drivers, really—then we are going to struggle. And so we need that planning resilience. So, I will be working with the local authorities that you mentioned, Carolyn, but local authorities across Wales, to see what we can do to make better resilience in the system, to accelerate the process and to make it more accessible.

I welcome the new portfolio of housing, local government and planning, which brings together the key elements required to deliver housing, including the commitment to deliver the 20,000 additional homes for rent in the social sector. I am pleased that, at last, housing and planning are under the same portfolio. Since 26 March, I've delivered 5,000 leaflets. I was disturbed to see how many empty houses I delivered them to. Fifty were obviously empty, and 50 looked empty and had a large amount of mail inside their hallway. These were in areas of sought-after housing, and in Swansea there's a very long council waiting list. What more could be done to bring these houses back into use?

I was also pleased that every residential building over 11m has a route to remediation, irrespective of the presence of cladding. Will the Minister provide a written update on progress on the remediation of buildings with cladding?

Wales has substantially less co-operative housing than the rest of the world. What progress is the Welsh Government making in increasing the proportion of co-operative housing in Wales?

And finally, the only time that housing demand met housing need was when substantial council housing was being built in the post-second world war period before Thatcher. I regret housing stock transfer and I'm pleased that the tenants in Swansea have voted against it.

Finally on planning, will the Minister consider allowing councils to set their own fees in order to recoup planning costs?

Yes, thanks, Mike. I agree largely with what you're saying there. That last one: we're not going to do that, but we are going to encourage local authorities to make sure they are fully recouping their costs, which is the same thing put round the other way, I think. I just agree with everything you said, really.

On the co-operative housing, we do have a task and finish group, which the committee recommended we do, so we have set that up, and I'm very happy to provide a briefing on where that group has got to. I am due to do, I believe—I'm looking at the Trefnydd now—but I believe I'm due to do an oral update on the building safety progress very shortly. I'm very happy to do a written one if that's not so, but I think I am due to do an oral update on that. There's much to say about the progress on that.

And then, on the mass building of social homes that happened after the second world war, I agree: one of the reasons that we're looking at the pattern book piece is so that we can basically give what's called permitted development to land that's allocated in the LDP, which has what's effectively a special plan put on it for density, and then we're saying that as long as you build something off the pattern book that is pre-approved, way to go. So, that should speed the process up quite considerably for social homes.

I am very keen, though—. One of the mistakes that was made after the war was that we had single tenure housing estates with very little amenity on them, and, Mike, as you know very well, I grew up on one of those. So, we want to learn from the lessons of the past. We want to learn how they did it right, but we also want to learn from some of the things that we know subsequently went wrong. So, we want those mixed tenure developments, where people live in sustainable communities with the infrastructure around them that they need, so that we don't have very car-dependent out-of-town developments where people really can't have that kind of sustainable lifestyle.

And finally, Jenny Rathbone.

Thank you very much. Given the extent of the desperate housing crisis that you mentioned, I was really surprised to see that the first act of the re-elected mayor of Manchester, Andy Burnham, is to stop new council housing from being sold for profit, but not existing housing. It seems to me that, under those circumstances, that desperate housing need is going to continue, because we're simply never going to catch up on this net loss of 100,000 dwellings for rent.

I very much welcome your statement. I wondered if you could tell us a bit more about the role the Design Commission for Wales is going to play in improving the quality of planning applications, because, sadly, private sector planning applications tend to be much poorer quality than social housing applications, but the people who have to live in them still have to suffer this poor planning and poor energy efficiency.

Secondly, when do you expect to see the fruit of encouraging planning authorities to identify sites where at least 50 per cent of homes can be affordable? Because it seems to me that's a really important way of sorting out some of the problems that we face at the moment. A huge amount has been done already, but in a place like mine, in a constituency like mine, where there's very little land available, it's extremely difficult to accommodate more people.

Thank you, Jenny. I heard the interview with Andy Burnham and the article on Radio 4 this morning. I was very interested in the right to buy, so we've asked for a meeting with them to understand where they're coming from; it might be a powers issue or something. He said a couple of things that Mark Isherwood mentioned, but the other way up. So, one of the reasons that house building in England has dropped to an all-time low in terms of houses for social rent is because of the right to buy, because as fast as you build them, they're sold off. We stopped that, and you can actually see the exponential growth in the build from the point we stopped it, so there's a quite clear cause and effect going on there. That's not because we don't want people to own their own homes, but it's because we don't want people to be in temporary accommodation. In an ideal world, where we were building absolutely enough and you could walk up and ask for your social home, then it would be great to do that, but we're not in that ideal world, and because of the way that right to buy was put in place, it's always important to remember that it wasn't really about a home-owning democracy, because if it had been, then local authorities would have been allowed to replace what they sold, but they weren't allowed to do that. It was absolutely about the tenure change, which is what we really have seen with the growth of that tenure change over that time period. So, I couldn't agree with you more there. We obviously stopped it altogether here in Wales for that exact reason.

On empty homes, we've been looking to see what we can do with the transitional accommodation programme to get many of the empty homes back into beneficial use as social homes. Some of them will be adaptable to be permanent social homes. Some of them won't be, but they'll be much better temporary accommodation than some of the accommodation we've seen. And then, it's always a very difficult thing that's easy to say but much harder to deliver, because, actually, just knocking them down isn't always a solution either—we are also in a climate change emergency and there's a lot of embodied carbon in some of that. So, trying to find the exact right treatment for each of the properties is one of the things that we asked Chris Jofeh and his group on the decarbonisation of housing—I know you're familiar with that—to look at for us. He's just given us a route-map, so we'll be rolling out that route-map as we go.

These things aren't soundbites; these are things that need granular work on a street-by-street basis—what's best for this community, how can we bring these houses back into proper use and how can we regulate the private sector market in a way that encourages good landlords and discourages bad ones, which is why the renting homes Act piece is there. So, you have to do a series of things across various tenures to make this happen. It's not all about a silver bullet.

I thank the Cabinet Secretary.

Item 6 is next, the Education Workforce Council (Additional Categories of Registration and Further Education Teacher Qualifications) (Wales) Order 2024. I call on the Cabinet Secretary for Education to move the motion. Lynne Neagle.

Diolch. I move the motion to approve the Education Workforce Council (Additional Categories of Registration and Further Education Teacher Qualifications) (Wales) Order 2024. The main focus of the Order is to extend the categories of education practitioners who are required to register with the Education Workforce Council. It will bring two new categories of practitioner into the scope of the register: senior leaders in post-16 institutions and community-based adult learning practitioners. Additionally, teaching staff in further education and adult learning will be required to hold or be working towards specific qualifications.

In Wales, we want everyone to enjoy a safe and positive education experience to ensure learners of all ages fulfil their potential. Registration with the Education Workforce Council means the public can be reassured that people working in education are suitable to do so. Registrants demonstrate a commitment to maintaining and raising standards in the interests of the learners who look up to them. Registration also provides a route for individuals or organisations to raise concerns about individual practitioners' fitness to practice and have those concerns investigated independently. This provides vital assurances about the safeguarding of learners and the standards of education.

In September 2023, we consulted on how we would update and strengthen the current regulation requirements of those working within the post-16 sector. With broad support for the proposals and the draft legislation, this Order will now positively reinforce the professionalism of the post-16 education workforce. This Order will ensure more practitioners in further education and adult learning have the confidence of the public because they can demonstrate they have the skills, knowledge and professional conduct to safely and effectively carry out the duties required of their profession. I therefore ask Members to approve the Order today.

I have no further speakers on this item. Unless the Cabinet Secretary has anything to add, the proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Item 7 is the Plant Health etc. (Miscellaneous Fees) (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations 2024. I call on the Cabinet Secretary for Climate Change and Rural Affairs to move the motion—Huw Irranca-Davies.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I move the motion. The Plant Health etc. (Miscellaneous Fees) (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations 2024 amend the Plant Health etc. (Fees) (Wales) Regulations 2018 and the Plant Health (Fees) (Forestry) (Wales) Regulations 2019, which apply in relation to Wales.

From 30 April 2024, phase 2 of the border target operating model was implemented. This changed the requirement for the importation of sanitary and phytosanitary goods, including plants and plant products, into Wales and wider Great Britain. To facilitate phase 2, this statutory instrument will introduce fees for documentary checks and risk-based identity and physical checks on medium-risk plants and plant products imported into Wales from the EU, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. The frequency of the checks themselves were introduced by a separate instrument titled the Plant Health (Fees) (England) and Official Controls (Frequency of Checks) (Amendment) Regulations 2024, which was made by the UK Parliament on 24 April 2024.

However, checks at west coast ports, including those ports in Wales, will be temporarily eased from the new checks and fees. The Plant Health etc. (Miscellaneous Fees) (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations 2024 will bring in this easement until 31 October. Regulation 2(d) of the regulations lists the relevant ports in Wales that are temporarily exempt from the fees introduced by the regulations, and this is linked to the start date for border control posts in Wales, which we have previously explained will not be before spring 2025.

These regulations also include a temporary easement, which disapplies fees in relation to physical, identity and documentary checks for low-risk fruit and vegetables entering Wales from the EU, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. In addition to the border target operating model measures, the regulations will correct an error to the Plant Health etc. (Fees) (Wales) Regulations 2018 made in Schedule 1 to the Plant Health etc. (Fees) (Amendment) (Wales) (EU Exit) No. 2 Regulations 2022, where multiple fees were being charged for mixed consignments, which was not the policy objective. Similar changes to the regulations have been made elsewhere in Great Britain. This means that, by making this statutory instrument, we will ensure a consistent fees regime for checks on plants and plant products between Wales, Scotland and England.

Dirprwy Lywydd, I'm very grateful to the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee for their consideration of the previous withdrawn draft of the regulations. The committee raised concerns around inconsistencies between the meaning of the English and Welsh texts in the regulations, as well as defective drafting elsewhere in the regulations. We believe that it is important that the law is clear and accessible and that Welsh language text regulations are given equal status to the English language text, so I withdrew those draft regulations and have laid the regulations being debated today to address the concerns raised by the LJC committee. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

I call on the Chair of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee, Sarah Murphy.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. We considered these draft regulations on 29 April, and our report is available on today’s agenda. Our report contains one merits reporting point. This point highlights that a previous version of these regulations was considered by the committee on 18 March, at which point three technical errors in those regulations were noted. And as has been noted by the Cabinet Secretary, in response, the Welsh Government agreed to correct the errors. On 3 April, those regulations were formally withdrawn and the versions we are considering this afternoon were subsequently laid on 16 April. We welcome the fact that the previously identified errors have now been corrected.

One single reporting point on these regulations also draws attention to one other matter. On 15 March, the committee wrote to the Counsel General requesting that, where subordinate legislation laid before the Senedd was being used to amend errors in previous instruments, it would be helpful if this narrative could be highlighted in the accompanying explanatory memorandum. We welcome the fact that, in line with our request, the scrutiny of the previous regulations has been highlighted clearly in section 2 of the explanatory memorandum to these re-laid regulations, alongside a link to the relevant committee report.

Members will know that my committee looks at the technicalities and the specifics. Every detail is a piece of a jigsaw. The pieces today are about decisions made by the Welsh and UK Governments to protect animal, plant and public health. The jigsaw is the UK's new boarder trading operating model, which is the system of checks on how imports entering Great Britain are handled. Members will likely be aware that this new border controls model is being introduced in phases. It started in January and will continue into 2025, with some checks due to start at Holyhead, Fishguard and Pembroke Dock in October. The introduction of checks on GB imports have been subject to several delays since the UK left the EU. In April, the Cabinet Secretary for Climate Change and Rural Affairs notified us that the border trade operating model legislative programme is running behind schedule and that Welsh Government officials remain uncertain of the way forward.

Dirprwy Lywydd, I hope this goes some way to illustrating the importance of my committee's work in highlighting how the pieces are put together. To conclude, my committee is keen to be a constructive partner when it comes to improving the legislation that this Senedd passes and approves. We welcome the Welsh Government working with us to improve the transparency around the making of subordinate legislation, and we look forward to further constructive engagement. Diolch.

The Cabinet Secretary to respond.

Just a very short response, thanking once again the LJC committee and welcoming the new Chair of the committee as well. But thanking them for their scrutiny, not just on the technical matters, but also that important issue over the operation, and the introduction, indeed, of the BTOM and the border control posts in Wales. As I've mentioned, they won't be in place before spring 2025, and the regulations we have in front of us reflect that. So, we've sought and have an easement that will take us up towards that date, when they are ready.

But it's important to note as well, Dirprwy Lywydd, what happens if we weren't to actually make these today. We would not have equal status and parity across the whole of Great Britain. It could make the inspection regime for plant and plant products in Wales unviable, potentially risking, indeed, plant biosecurity. So, whilst we were very glad to take back these, to withdraw the regulations that has those technical deficiencies before, and bring them forward again, we think it's very important to actually lay these today and have the Senedd vote in favour. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Next we have a motion to suspend the Standing Orders to allow items 8 and 9, legislative consent motions on the Victims and Prisoners Bill, to be debated. I call on the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice to move the motions—Lesley Griffiths.

Formally.

The proposal is to suspend Standing Orders. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

In accordance with Standing Order 12.24, unless a Member objects, the two motions under items 8 and 9 will be grouped for debate but with separate votes. I see that there are no objections.

I call on the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and Social Justice to move the motions—Lesley Griffiths.

Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I move the motions. The motions relate to the Victims and Prisoners Bill, which has been complex to manage. I thank the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee and the Equality and Social Justice Committee for their reports regarding the supplementary legislative consent memoranda laid for this Bill. The recommendations made in the reports reflect the uncertain environment we have had to navigate.

Unfortunately, uncertainty has been a recurring theme across this Bill's passage. When it was first introduced in March 2023, a new section on prisoners was unexpectedly included with no prior sight given to the Welsh Government. In December, the UK Government wrote to us with constructive offers on some clauses, which we expected to see reflected in amendments that were scheduled for January. It was then our intention to lay an SLCM confirming what we hoped would be a positive and final position on the Bill.

However, the amendments were rescinded and, instead, we had to wait until April for confirmation of their approach, following which we reconsidered our position, delaying the production of our SLCMs. My officials have worked hard to lay legislative consent memoranda at pace across the whole of this Bill's process. However, this has been difficult because of the turbulent passage of the Bill and the uncertainty around the UK Government's position.

We laid our most recent supplementary legislative consent memorandum last week following the UK Government’s amendments made only a few weeks ago, and there have been further Government defeats and amendments to the Bill even since we laid that SLCM last week.

This has meant this Senedd not having adequate time to scrutinise a Bill with far-reaching implications for Wales. I want to stress we have moved as fast as we could at each stage in the Bill process, in the face of issues outside of our control. We do expect further substantive amendments during ping-pong. Relationships with UK Government officials have remained constructive, but the overarching context around the Bill remains extremely challenging. The convoluted legislative journey also means the Bill itself is disjointed. Whilst many of the initiatives in the Bill are to be welcomed, they have been bundled into an awkward collection of proposals that largely stand independently of each other rather than forming a coherent Bill.

Given the Bill’s complexity, I will be taking forward two separate motions. Motion 1 relates to clauses 16, 17 and Part 3 and associated Schedule, and I recommend Members support this motion. Motion 2 relates to, in Part 1, clauses 1 to 4, 11, 15, 26 and 27, and in Part 2, clauses 28 to 33 and 35 to 39, for which I recommend Members withhold consent. Having two motions ensures the Senedd can make clear its opposition to the UK Government on the particular issues in the Bill whilst being pragmatic in recognising the suitability of other, unrelated provisions in this Bill. This includes Part 3 and associated Schedule regarding a compensation scheme for victims of the infected blood scandal. This amendment followed a campaign and successful opposition amendment.

I call on the Chair of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee, Sarah Murphy.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. My committee has reported on the first and second legislative consent memoranda laid by the Welsh Government on the Victims and Prisoners Bill. However, with memorandum No. 3 being laid only last week, it was not possible to undertake any sort of meaningful scrutiny. As mentioned by the Cabinet Secretary, the Bill contains a range of delegated powers to be conferred on the Secretary of State, including powers to make regulations, which may be exercised in devolved areas, and duties to issue a code of practice and statutory guidance. As I said only two weeks ago in another consent debate, the delegation of additional powers to the Executive, particularly one that is not accountable to this Senedd, is a significant matter, and it is important that it is highlighted here today.

I will now turn to the Welsh Government’s approach to the Bill and the legislative consent process. Inter-governmental communication is necessary if two Governments are going to work together to legislate, which then results in the legislative consent process being triggered in the Senedd. However, the concerns we outline in the second report highlight that it is the approach adopted by the Welsh Government that has curtailed the scrutiny period available to Members of the Senedd on this occasion, because in all but one case, memorandum No. 2 relates to amendments tabled in late November and constitutes a delay of four months in the laying of memorandum No. 2.

The LJC committee has had to note concern regarding the timely laying of legislative consent memoranda before. For example, in the second report, we refer back to the legislative consent process that was engaged for the UK Government’s Energy Bill. As a committee, we accept that the information that must be presented by the Welsh Government in a legislative consent memorandum can be affected by poor inter-governmental information sharing, as the Cabinet Secretary has referred to. However, a four-month delay to the laying of memorandum No. 2 has meant that the Senedd has not been afforded more time for scrutiny, had the Welsh Government laid a supplementary legislative consent memorandum earlier, and in respect of the amendments tabled at Commons’ Report Stage, and then followed that with a further memorandum relating to amendments tabled at Lords’ Committee Stage.

We asked the Cabinet Secretary to provide full details to explain the delays in laying the supplementary memoranda, and I really do appreciate that the Cabinet Secretary offered more details in the opening today, talking about the turbulent passage, the uncertainty of the Bill, and further reasons for that delay. I hope that the Cabinet Secretary can appreciate that my committee, though, must highlight the impact that that has had on the Senedd scrutiny.

Before speaking in detail about the content of the clauses in the Victims and Prisoners Bill that require consent, I would once again like to state Plaid Cymru's position that decisions relating to devolved areas that are within the competence of the Senedd should be made by the Senedd, in accordance with the democratic wish of the people of Wales. Plaid Cymru was disappointed, if not surprised, to see that the Welsh Government had stated that there had been a lack of consultation by the UK Government prior to the publication of the Bill, even though this Bill does touch upon areas of devolved competence.

And it's not acceptable that there's been such a delay before bringing forward this supplementary LCM, which has resulted in a period of less than two weeks for the committee that I'm a member of, the Equality and Social Justice Committee, together with the remaining Members of the Senedd, to conduct our scrutiny. And despite the explanation that we've had from the Cabinet Secretary, it shows once again that this process is deficient, which undermines the work and accountability of the Senedd.

Plaid Cymru will vote in favour of the Government’s first motion, and therefore in favour of limiting parental responsibility where one parent kills the other, strengthening reviews of deaths linked to domestic abuse, and in favour of a compensation scheme for victims of the infected blood scandal. Regarding the infected blood scandal, Plaid Cymru is extremely proud to finally see justice for and recognition of the victims of the scandal and their families. The scandal is one of the biggest catastrophes in the history of the NHS. Plaid Cymru’s leader in Westminster, Liz Saville Roberts, along with Plaid Cymru leader Rhun ap Iorwerth, who is chair of the cross-party group on haemophilia, have campaigned for years to ensure that the UK Government compensates victims and their families.

The infected blood scandal happened before the devolution of health to Wales, of course, and it's right that the responsibility in terms of powers and funding to implement a compensation scheme lies with the Westminster Government. We're very pleased, therefore, to see this long-awaited step being taken, and we support the clause in the Bill that provides the Senedd’s consent for that to happen.

Turning now to some issues that are relevant to this Bill more widely, victims have been consistently ignored in the justice system in Wales, and this has been exacerbated by the huge programme of court closures in Wales. This has reduced the ability of victims to go to court, particularly in our more rural areas, where there is a shortage of public transport. Furthermore, Plaid Cymru believes that it's time for us to establish the role and position of a victims' commissioner for Wales, to lead on the creation of a consistent service across Wales and to promote the voice of victims in the changing landscape of legislation and devolution. This is essential for linking victim support services to the justice system and making it accountable to the people of Wales, in collaboration with services such as health, which are already devolved to the Senedd.

As Chair of the Equality and Social Justice Committee, I'd also like to reiterate my concern at the delay in getting these LCMs forwarded to us, because, as the Chair of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee has said, these were actually sitting on the desks of Ministers in November and we were only made aware of them in April, so this is very unsatisfactory. We were only able to discuss memorandums 1 and 2. We had no sight of memorandum 3 and, therefore, I can only speak about memorandum 1 and 2.

I just wanted to pick up on one matter that relates to clause 40, which was added at a later stage, relating to the compensation for infected blood victims. I strongly support the campaign by Julie Morgan, Diana Johnson MP and many other people, to deliver justice for patients who were administered contaminated blood fabricated in the United States, using people who were being paid for donating, with really horrendous consequences for all these people.

I just want to be clear that the UK Government, when asking us to administer—rapidly, hopefully—the compensation that all these people in Wales are due—that the amount of money that is needed for those individuals will be funded by the UK Treasury. Because I'm bearing in mind what's happened with the coal-tips scenario, where we are simply being dumped on as a devolved institution on matters that were obviously created long before this institution was born. So, I want to have some real clarification that, when we are compensating an individual in Cardiff, they're going to get the same amount of money as the same type of individual in Bristol, Manchester, London or wherever, and that the administrative costs for having to handle such a delicate matter, at speed, given that so many of these victims have already died, are also going to come out of the UK Treasury. And I really want those things clarified, otherwise we're perfectly content to go along with the approach of the Government relating to these amendments.

Dirprwy Lywydd, I'm pleased to contribute to this debate, and I do so as Chair of the cross-party group on haemophilia and infected blood and as the representative of constituents of mine on Anglesey who have suffered as a result of the infected blood scandal.

I will focus my contribution specifically on Part 3 of the Bill, on the establishment of a body to compensate the victims of this scandal. The crucial point for me here in terms of the legislative process is that it is the UK Government alone that should be shouldering the responsibility to act. That has been a core principle of the campaign for compensation for victims of the infected blood scandal because this is a scandal that predates devolution, and it's clear that it's the responsibility of the UK Government to compensate people for something that was caused by the UK Government.

I am pleased that, at last, after decades of tireless campaigning for justice by victims and their families—many of the victims have now passed away, of course—and following a full independent inquiry, the UK Government is at last willing to provide compensation. I pay tribute to everyone who has campaigned so long. But, although we're very close to the end point, and although I am pleased that the Bill does include plans to establish a compensation authority, we can't ignore the very real concerns that campaigners have about the most recent amendments passed in the House of Lords. Campaigners say that those amendments are contrary to the recommendations made in the interim reports by Sir Brian Langstaff and Sir Robert Francis, and give too much power back to the Government on crucial factors such as qualification criteria, the levels of tariffs and appeals, and so on. So, I would urge MPs in Westminster of all political stripes to seriously consider the importance of getting this plan right and doing this quickly, because we can't have any further delays.

I believe very strongly that legislation impacting the people of Wales should be made here in Wales and passed here in the Welsh Parliament, but in this case, as I've said, it is the Westminster Parliament and the UK Government that will have to take responsibility for this area, but we have seen once again with this process how many problems there are, and it's clear to everyone that the legislative process is deficient, and we see that once again.

Deputy Presiding Officer, speaking to motion 1, I want to place on record my thanks and thoughts with the family of Jade Ward and the friends of Jade Ward and Mark Tami MP, who tirelessly campaigned for the introduction of Jade's law in the aftermath of Jade's brutal murder some two years ago now. Their tireless campaigning forced the u-turn on policy and that's within motion 1 of today's discussion, and I look forward to voting in favour and consenting with that motion.

Deputy Presiding Officer, speaking more widely to this Bill, the Cabinet Secretary will know I've consistently raised the importance of placing a duty of candour on public officials, ensuring that they proactively co-operate with, and tell the truth in, official investigations and inquiries, ensuring that ordinary people can get the justice they very much deserve. It's a shame to say that this Bill falls short and fails to provide that statutory duty. I'm aware of a House of Lords amendment that has gone through, and they voted on an amendment calling for a statutory duty of candour, and I'd be grateful if the Minister could update us on the Welsh Government's views on a statutory duty of candour and the importance of such a duty in her response. Diolch.

I call on the Cabinet Secretary to reply to the debate.

Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer, and I'd like to thank all Members for their questions and comments. First of all, turning to both Sarah Murphy and Jenny Rathbone as Chairs of the respective committees, just to say I will formally respond to both of your reports, but I absolutely understand the concern around the lack of time for scrutiny by the Senedd.

I think the UK Government's position changed so much. So, my predecessor, Jane Hutt, obviously had discussions following the laying of the LCM in November, where we were assured, in December, of a certain direction we would go. Unfortunately, as I say, those amendments were rescinded, which did leave us in a very difficult place. I think we have to have a view on this Bill. It's a really important Bill, and we have to have a view. Therefore, we have had to work very hard, I think, across both the Governments, to try and get to a place where we could bring these LCMs to the Senedd for discussion today. I think it's fair to say my officials worked really hard to lay the LCMs, at pace, across the Bill process, but it has been very difficult, particularly, as I say, when those amendments were rescinded at the last minute and we were left to consider what our position would be as a Welsh Government. I did meet with the Minister for Prisons, Parole and Probation last week. He's very clear of our concerns and has assured me that things will improve. But we are approaching ping-pong, and I think we will still see changes to this Bill going through.

You're out of time, Minister.

Oh, sorry. Can I just refer to the points made by Jenny Rathbone, Sioned Williams and Rhun ap Iorwerth around the infected blood scandal? Just to say to Jenny Rathbone, looking at ongoing discussions and the discussions my predecessor had, certainly, there has been recognition by the UK Government around that paying of compensation, and I absolutely agree with you that it should come from the UK Treasury. I don't have it in writing. I'll be much happier when I have it in writing, and I will certainly share it with Members.

And just on Jack Sargeant’s point, I think the amendment he referred to in the House of Lords is a very important one. It would place a legal requirement on organisations to approach public scrutiny, including inquiries and inquests into state-related deaths, in a candid and transparent manner. So, I was very pleased to see that the House of Lords voted for it. Diolch.

The proposal is to agree the motion under item 8. Does any Member object? No. The motion is, therefore, agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

The proposal is to agree the motion under item 9. Does any Member object? [Objection.] There are objections. I will defer voting on this item until voting time.

And that brings us to voting time. Unless three Members wish for the bell to be rung, I will move immediately to voting time.

The first vote—

My voting's not working.

Okay.

[Inaudible.]

Do you want us to take an oral?

Yes, please.

Okay. We'll do an oral for you again, okay. In that case, can we move straight to the voting period? And there is only one vote this afternoon, and that's on the last item, the second motion from the Government on the LCM. Open the vote.

Close the vote. In favour 15, no abstentions, 39 against. Therefore, the motion is not agreed.

And that concludes proceedings for today.