Plenary

The next item will be the business statement and announcement, and I call on the Trefnydd to make that statement—Lesley Griffiths.

Thank you. There are a few changes to this week's business. I will make a statement on avian influenza later this afternoon, and the statement on the response to the UK Government's financial plan and economic forecast and the debate on the LCM on the Northern Ireland protocol Bill have been postponed until 22 November. Draft business for the next three weeks is set out on the business statement and announcement, which can be found amongst the meeting papers available to Members electronically.

Trefnydd, can I call for a statement from the Minister for local government on the news that scores of asylum seekers are being housed at a luxury hotel in rural Conwy in north Wales? This is something that has caused a great deal of concern amongst the community, because there's been no communication whatsoever prior to this arrangement being made with either local representatives or, indeed, I understand, with the Welsh Government or the local authority. Now, clearly, we have to make sure that accommodation is suitable for asylum seekers until their asylum claims are determined, and the UK Government has a significant challenge on its hands, but many people have had their bookings cancelled, wedding events are being cancelled, guests have had their bookings at the hotel cancelled as well. And, of course, we've got a huge strain already on many of our public services in the area, and people want to know what's going to be done to make sure that they're not also given additional burdens as a result of this decision, which appears to have been imposed upon all of us from above.

Can I ask for an urgent statement on that, and what the Welsh Government is doing to work with the UK Government and, indeed, the local authority concerned, Conwy County Borough Council, to make sure that the needs of these individuals are met and that they can be appropriately housed, not in a luxury hotel at a time when we've got lots of housing problems already in north Wales, but in appropriate accommodation that is fit for purpose?

It's very hard for the Welsh Government, or the local authority, I would say, to work with UK Government when they're completely ignored. As you say, we had no prior knowledge of this, and I want to be really clear, Llywydd, that the UK Government is responsible for immigration policy and delivery. They've got a system now that I think is broken and they really need to fix this as quickly as possible, because what we're seeing are the human consequences of that broken system, and I don't think it does anyone any good.

I know that the Minister for Social Justice is or has written to the Home Office as a matter of urgency today to make these points very, very strongly. And this isn't at you at all, but I think I would want to appeal to everybody, as you've raised this issue, that it is really best to avoid the use of inflammatory language when we're dealing with this issue. I've certainly seen words that I wouldn't have wanted to see in relation to this, and words have consequences, and I think it's really important that we all treat this issue with sensitivity and care.

Trefnydd, I'd like to ask for a statement outlining the Welsh Government's position on restricting the sale of fireworks, please. We've just had bonfire night, and as with every year, countless animals have been desperately frightened by the noises and the flashes of fireworks not just on one night, but the three, four or five nights surrounding bonfire night as well. Classic FM had put on soothing music specifically to console people's pets that were distressed, and that's a lovely thing, but surely, it really shouldn't have had to happen.

There are safety concerns for children when it comes to fireworks as well, and there's an immense difference between the wonderful professional displays that are put on in our communities and people setting them off in their own gardens. Would the Welsh Government be able to learn from the Scottish experience and their fireworks and pyrotechnics Bill, and is this an area where the Welsh Government is seeking to do more? I'd welcome a statement setting this out, please.

Thank you. You do raise a very important point, and I know that when I had the environment portfolio, I regularly met with my counterparts in the UK Government and also Scotland, because, obviously, it is a reserved matter, and it would need the UK Government to ban the sale of fireworks. But I think the important point you make is that it's not just one night; this has continued, and even last night I could hear fireworks. So, I think it is certainly something that we would want to look at, to look at the best practice to see if there is anything we could do. I don't know if the Minister for Climate Change is continuing to have those discussions with the UK Government counterpart now that we do have a new Government in place, but I think it's certainly something that we all, as Members of the Senedd, get quite a significant postbag about.

I recently met with Caerphilly constituents Ellie and Owain James. At the age of 34, Owain has been diagnosed with an incurable brain tumour, and if no action is taken, the couple have been told that he will have just months to live. He's been advised on one treatment that could help him extend his life, but it's not yet been approved by NICE or the all-Wales medicines strategy group, and although very promising, it is still in the final stages of clinical trials with the medical and healthcare products regulatory agency. The only option available to them currently, therefore, is for them to pay privately—something that would cost them hundreds of thousands of pounds.

I'm also aware of the case of Caerpilly resident 15-year-old Ethan Hamer, who has been diagnosed with a very aggressive form of cancer that requires a similar form of treatment, and that form of treatment is in the early deployment stages. Both Owain and Ethan have crowdfunding sites set up in their names, which I intend to share on my social media. I've written to the Minister for Health and Social Services on the issue, but in the meantime, could the Welsh Government bring forward a statement on accessibility to new medicines that have not yet been approved for use with NHS Wales?

Thank you, and I'm certainly very sorry to hear about the health issues that both Owain and Ethan are experiencing. What we as a Government expect is that people are able to access recommended therapies routinely through the NHS, and it's important to highlight that there are treatments that are routinely available for brain tumours. You obviously referred to new therapies that have to go through, quite correctly, both NICE and the medicines and healthcare regulatory agency trials, and they are normally developed through clinical trials ahead of that. Obviously, we would expect eligible patients in Wales to be able to access open clinical trials as well, prior to licensing any new therapy, if, indeed, that was the clinical decision that had been taken. You've done absolutely the right thing writing to the Minister for Health and Social Services, and I'm sure that she'll respond in due course.

Leader of the house, could I seek two statements? One on care workers, due to the Government's announcement back in the spring to make money available to pay the real living wage to care workers here in Wales—a welcome initiative, I might add. I've been approached by various care providers in my own region, but I understand it's similar across the rest of Wales, that this money was transferred to local authorities and there was an element of local authority discretion as to how much of the £40 million-plus budget was made available to the care providers to hit that target of paying the real living wage. In the COVID crisis, when the Welsh Government had a similar initiative to reward care workers by giving them a £1,500 uplift in their wages, that money was paid directly to the care providers so that the money could be transferred to the employees in their employment. It's my understanding that many care providers are struggling to meet this obligation now, because local authorities have taken discretionary decisions over the allocation of this money. I have written to the Deputy Minister, but could we have a statement to talk about the general implementation of this policy? And, is she conscious of these concerns that have been raised with me, as I understand Care Forum Wales have raised similar concerns with her directly, and what action is the Welsh Government taking to remediate these concerns?

And my second request for a statement is in relation to the cladding announcement that the Minister made, who I can see is in her place today, in relation to the obligations and the voluntary agreement that she reached with developers here in Wales at the start of October. It's my understanding that those developers were to come forward to the Welsh Government within one month of signing the agreement with how they propose to remediate the wrongs of the cladding on buildings in Wales, and those plans, as I understand it, should have arrived with the Welsh Government at the end of last week or beginning of this week. Could I have an indication as to whether the Welsh Government will be bringing forward a statement, so that we can understand how confident the Minister is that the developers are living up to the commitments that they've made in that voluntary agreement, and how the Government will be holding the developers to account to make sure that the remedial action is put in place as a matter of urgency?

Thank you. In relation to your first ask around the additional payment scheme for our care workers, my understanding is that local authorities have reported that 96 per cent of payments have been paid already. In relation to the 4 per cent, I think you've done absolutely the right thing writing to the Deputy Minister, and she will be able to update you in relation to that 4 per cent.

And on your second question, I'm not aware if the Minister for Climate Change has received all of the plans, but I know that she will be considering those, and if she feels that an update is required, I'll ask her to do a written statement.

I'm asking today for a business statement on the criminal age of responsibility, which is currently just 10 years old in England and Wales. In 2021, Scotland changed their policy to increase the criminal age of responsibility to 12 years old, recognising the vulnerability of some young people in society and the need to improve rehabilitation opportunities. Despite criticism from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the UK Government says that it has no plan to make any changes. Children in the youth justice system have often been subjected to high levels of trauma, violence and loss, and the current system takes into account none of this, which is why children's rights groups continue to criticise England and Wales's criminal age of responsibility for its lack of ethical consideration into maturity and the neurological development of young people. Why is it that, as a society, we see children as too young to have responsibility for their own care, and yet, when it comes to crime, children are viewed the same as adults? Youth justice in Wales has centred on the concept of Children First. Children First views the child first, offenders second, and considers that children are, in fact, children and therefore need to be seen as such if and when they are involved in the justice system. How, then, can we champion this progressive approach to some of the most vulnerable children caught up in the youth justice system if UK law states that children as young as 10 have the same responsibility and maturity as adults?

Thank you. Well, the UK Government, obviously, has responsibility for justice, and that includes youth justice. If justice was devolved to Wales, we would obviously be in a position to consider this question in further detail and, more importantly, in a position to address the very valid points that you've raised. Under the current system, as I say, it is a matter for the UK Government, but I am pleased that you are standing alongside us in calling for a more progressive and evidence-based approach to this issue.

I know that the Minister for Social Justice does continue to have discussions with the UK Government around the age of criminal responsibility here in Wales. That's part of the ongoing joint work on the recommendations from the independent Commission on Justice in Wales, which was chaired by Lord Thomas. The Minister for Social Justice also has the youth justice blueprints here in Wales, which she published back in July 2019, and that does set out the Welsh Government's vision for youth justice in Wales, taking that Children First approach forward.

Please can I ask for a statement, Minister, from the Minister for health, about the real living wage? Since Welsh Government announced its financial support to social care providers to ensure that all support workers will receive the real living wage, there have been complaints that providers are not receiving the funding that was supposed to be channelled to them through local authorities and health boards. There is considerable confusion about how the money should be passed on. Some local authorities and health boards refuse to provide funding if a commissioned service isn't located in their territory, while others take a completely different approach and refuse funding if they do not directly commission services with the local provider.

One Welsh care provider expects to occur additional costs of more than £250,000 per year for implementing the real living wage increase, yet, seven months after rising wages, it has only been offered an additional £23,000 annually to cover its costs. Welsh Government has admitted that they knew that—and I quote—implementation would be challenging for local authorities and health boards in the first year, and that they are aware that there may have been different approaches across local authorities and health boards. Providers have not been reassured by the Welsh Government's vague assertion that independent dynamic evaluation and their own monitoring processes on the effectiveness of the roll-out will be able to identify improvements and develop better processes for the future. And in this economically challenging time, providers are increasingly frustrated that the Welsh Government is not providing greater leadership in resolving this urgent problem, which is causing considerable financial hardship for Welsh social care employers. So, please, Minister, can the health Minister make a statement to provide social care providers with specific details around the process of dynamic evaluation monitoring—who is managing this, what are the timelines for reporting, and when can the planned process improvements be expected? Also, where providers have had to fund the real living wage increases on behalf of the Welsh Government, will the Welsh Government reimburse them for the interest on these moneys? Thank you.

I'm not sure, Llywydd, whether the Member was in her seat when the leader of the opposition asked me the same question, but, as I said, local authorities have reported they made 96 per cent of payments in June.

Trefnydd, could I ask for an update from the Welsh Government about progress being made on the Heads of the Valleys road project, and on two issues in particular? Firstly, I'd like to ask for an update about the recent news that an eight-mile stretch of the A465 Heads of the Valleys will be subject to a series of further closures over the next 18 months. The road between Brynmawr roundabout and Hardwick roundabout will be closed periodically throughout that period, with a 25-mile diversion taking trips that were 10 minutes up to 40 minutes to complete. Clearly, this will cause massive disruption for residents and businesses, and a number of constituents have already been in touch to voice their grave concerns about the impact that this will have on them and their communities. Trefnydd, this will not be the first time that roadworks have caused disruption, and constituents are getting even more frustrated. So, please could the Government explain what works are being undertaken and why, and how any continuing disruption will be mitigated?

The other point I'd like to raise is an update of whether businesses have been fairly compensated for losses caused by roadworks linked to the project. Earlier this year, local businesses approached me with their concerns that compensation had not been received despite promises from the Government that financial help was to be made available. And so I'd appreciate it if the Government could outline how much has been paid so far and how much is left outstanding.

Thank you. You obviously refer to a very specific road in your constituency. I think it would be better, because you're obviously asking about financial compensation as well, if you wrote directly to the Deputy Minister for Climate Change.

Trefnydd, you and other Members will be aware, I'm sure, of the outcomes of the survey of NAHT Cymru, which were published today, which conveyed a very concerning picture in terms of the pressure on school budgets. We heard last week that the idea of teaching online for one day a week had been mentioned in Powys, and, in terms of the survey, that headteachers were considering job losses, as well as cutting budgets to interventions for our most vulnerable pupils. I'd like to ask, therefore, for a statement from the education Minister on the financial situation of schools, and the Government's response to the grave concerns that have been raised by headteachers.

In relation to the point you make around schools teaching online, I know the Minister for Education and Welsh Language has written to all local authorities saying that we would not wish to see schools do that. We certainly would not wish to see schools close unless the decision is based on emergency or health or safety reasons for instance. And I don't think a one-day school closure would result in significant savings for schools and would just pass the issues on to parents and carers. And we know, don't we, how school closures affect families' ability to work, and, obviously then, put pressures on other services. So, as I say, the Minister has certainly written to all local authorities and has met with NAHT and other trade unions this morning also. In relation to budgets, clearly, there are going to be pressures on all of our budgets, but I don't think the Minister is in a position at the moment, as we're waiting for the UK Government announcement in relation to budgets, and, obviously, we too are looking very closely at our budget going forward.

Trefnydd, can I ask for a statement from the Minister for Health and Social Services this afternoon regarding support for armed services veterans in the healthcare system? I was contacted by a local resident from Rhyl over the weekend whose husband, sadly, nearly committed suicide, and, without being too graphic, he was nearly successful, unfortunately. He was since treated, but what was noted by my constituent was the lack of recognition for her husband being a veteran in the triage system. Now, I believe that there is progress being made on this, but could the Welsh Government perhaps expand on why this hasn't been delivered and the plans moving forward to bring recognition for veterans into the triage system, so that they can be adequately treated for mental health problems, and, indeed, physical problems as well? Thank you.

So, you may have heard me, in an earlier answer to Darren Millar, say that certainly we do recognise that ex-service men and women and their families require access to services in a different way, sometimes, to others, and that certainly has been increased, going forward. I mentioned earlier as well that the Deputy Minister for Social Partnership will be leading a debate this afternoon, and it is a question that perhaps you could raise in that debate also.

Finally, Tom Giffard.

Diolch yn fawr iawn, Llywydd. Age Cymru West Glamorgan is an independent charity supporting older people across South Wales West, and, for the last 20 years, they've run the Afan Nedd community centre and have provided a lunch club for over 120 people. However, in the last week, they've been forced to close their doors. And while the charity's seen utility bills rise, they've also seen their income significantly impacted by a decision of the local health board. Swansea Bay University Health Board previously announced a third sector procurement timeline so that voluntary organisations could apply to deliver local services. Age Cymru West Glamorgan invested time and funds so that they were up to spec for this, and the health board was due to award contracts this month. However, the health board has now pulled plans and will not be procuring until 2024. That decision, in part, has led to its closure, and now this means many residents will be unable to access the support on which they'd previously relied, while charities like Age Cymru West Glamorgan find themselves in financial difficulty. So could I request an urgent statement on how Welsh Government expects health boards to work with local providers and for an update on the support available for the charities affected?

I'm very sorry to hear of the situation you describe, but this is a matter for the health board, and I don't think it would be for an oral statement here.

Thank you, Trefnydd.

The next item is the statement by the Minister for Climate Change on improving the energy efficiency of Welsh homes. And I call on the Minister to make the statement—Julie James.

Diolch, Llywydd. The cost-of-living crisis is in large part driven by energy price increases affecting the price of all consumables. Whilst this is having a detrimental effect on all our living standards, it is having a devastating effect on households who are least able to pay, driving families into fuel poverty. The Welsh Government has consistently called for a social domestic energy tariff, setting lower than standard tariffs to better protect low-income households and a windfall tax on the excessive profits enjoyed by energy companies. The UK Government recently committed to an average price cap of £2,500 until April 2023. However, I remain concerned that this fails to provide the appropriate targeted support to those who need it the most.

With the levers we have, the Welsh Government has acted quickly to introduce support to help householders struggling with the cost-of-living crisis. More than £380 million has been invested since October 2021. We've expanded the support available for the discretionary assistance fund until March 2023, committing a further £25 million. More than 332,000 households have received the £150 cost-of-living payment, and the winter fuel support payment of £200 has been paid to over 204,000 households. Nearly £4 million of funding is enabling the Fuel Bank Foundation to introduce a national fuel voucher and heat fund scheme in Wales for households who prepay for their fuel. Four thousand fuel vouchers have already been issued to support struggling households. The Warm Homes programme Nest winter fuel campaign, launched on 1 November, will provide much-needed advice and signposting to vital support services. Over 8,000 people contacted Advicelink Cymru as part of the 'Claim what's yours' benefit take-up campaign, helping to claim over £2.1 million of additional income.

However, the energy system is not functioning for the benefit of householders in Wales, and fundamental energy market reform is required. I continue to urge the UK Government to take action. With limited levers to change the energy market, Welsh Government’s focus is on improving the energy efficiency of homes in Wales. Our flagship optimised retrofit programme has allocated almost £60 million in grant funding this year, with indicative amounts of £70 million for the next two years. Channelling ORP investment through social landlords supports a testing and learning approach to how to decarbonise homes effectively and efficiently. We will learn from this work to expand to the private-rented and owner-occupied sectors. We've also made a number of improvements to the Warm Homes programme Nest scheme by installing solar PV and battery storage, enabling homes to use energy at source. Over £394 million has been invested to support more than 67,100 lower income homes to improve their energy efficiency. Increased funding of £35 million is expected for the next two financial years.

Whilst we support families through these difficult times, we cannot forget climate change and the challenge of decarbonising 1.4 million homes in Wales. The Welsh Government’s focus will continue to be on supporting lower income homes who are in fuel poverty to reduce their bills and their carbon emissions.

We will continue to learn from previous and current programmes. Multiple Welsh and UK schemes have delivered real benefit for vulnerable households. However, we are dealing with the legacy of some very poorly designed and delivered schemes from a decade ago. I recently approved £4.5 million for schemes in Bridgend and Caerphilly county borough councils to fix over 150 homes let down badly by previous UK Government schemes. It is important that we learn from these mistakes to make a positive and lasting difference.

It is my intention to bring forward a replacement national demand-led scheme focused on homes in fuel poverty. In addition, I also intend to develop an integrated approach across all tenures and income levels to drive decarbonisation. The new demand-led service, which is expected to be procured next year, will replace the current Nest scheme, with a greater focus on decarbonisation. The additional integrated approach will follow, developing from the experiences of ORP and other Welsh housing initiatives. The first step is to encourage landlords to explore the possible use of ORP to deliver improvements to, for example, a whole small community action, rather than being a solely tenure-driven solution. This dual approach will support the development of a skilled workforce and expansion of the supply chain in Wales. The approach will also support those able to pay, providing confidence they are taking the right steps.

We are investing in a new a housing net zero carbon performance hwb to provide expert guidance on all aspects of decarbonising residential homes. The hwb will start with social landlords, but will be extended after the first year to help private landlords and home owners as well. We will also maximise the opportunity afforded by the energy company obligation scheme in partnership with local authorities. The next ECO4 has now launched, and is worth £4 billion over the next four years. Decarbonising and improving the energy efficiency of homes in Wales across all tenures, and how it might be funded, is very complex. It is also not the sole responsibility of Government. We've recently begun work with the Development Bank of Wales to look at funding options for the owner-occupied sectors. We are also bringing together a panel of experts from across the finance sector to work with us on evaluating options and shaping those viable funding solutions.

Finally, Deputy Presiding Officer, urgent action is needed across all areas of society to reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases and build our resilience to the impacts of climate change. A draft strategy for public action and engagement was published on 20 October. This is one of the items being discussed during Wales Climate Week, which is 21 November to 25 November, and, of course, as Delyth said earlier, today is Youth Climate Week, which I'm very pleased to see as well. We encourage people to join us for a week of events and discussions on how we can create a greener, stronger, fairer Wales. Diolch.

I have a lot of speakers this afternoon on this item, so, please, everyone, keep to your time limits. Janet Finch-Saunders.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I'm sure the Minister doesn't need me to reminder her of the fact that Wales is lagging behind the rest of the United Kingdom in delivering energy-efficient homes, and this is confirmed by the consultation for the Warm Homes programme. Wales has the lowest proportion of dwellings with an energy performance certificate rating of C or above, at 28 per cent. In comparison, England, 30 per cent; Scotland, 42 per cent; and Northern Ireland, 49 per cent. This survey noted that, across the nations in Great Britain, Wales also has the oldest stock of dwellings. This survey found that newer properties were more likely to have energy efficiency measures, as demonstrated by 33 per cent using low energy lighting, in comparison to 24 per cent of dwellings constructed pre 1919. So, will the Minister agree that the Welsh Government's failure to build new energy-efficient homes for the future is having a negative impact on our climate change commitments?

I note that over £394 million has been invested through the Warm Homes programme, as of December 2021. The Welsh Government did invest £20.1 million in the Nest scheme in 2021, with a further £15.7 million of Welsh Government and European investment in the Arbed scheme. Of course, these programmes are very important in improving energy efficiency, but, as the Minister's already alluded to, although the UK Government, for some reason, was referenced, some of the programmes that have gone on before have not necessarily done everything they should have done. Nonetheless, the fact that Wales is starting from behind, with the oldest housing stock in Britain, means that the costs of the project, Minister, that you intend to roll out for this to go forward, surely, are going to have to increase. If we really want to get this done in a fast and cost-efficient way, we have to involve local businesses, including small and family-run companies, to build the new homes that we and others so desperately need. So, will you confirm, that, in addition to retrofitting, Minister, we also need to empower these small and medium-sized businesses to deliver energy-efficient housing that meets the need of local communities?

We all know there's a clear disparity between the energy efficiency of homes in rural and urban areas. Rural areas are more likely to have dwellings with lower EPC ratings than urban areas, with the opposite occurring for urban areas. During the winter, when people are already facing higher bills, many Welsh households will also be impacted by our particularly acute energy-efficiency problems and the impact will fall more heavily on the vulnerable. I, along with Members like Jenny Rathbone, am enjoying the inquiry that we're currently undertaking into retrofitting the housing stock in Wales. I don't say this too lightly, but I am aware of the challenge ahead of us here in Wales with the housing stock, and also the fact that it's no use pumping new technology into homes if they're less than basic energy-efficiency levels. So, Minister, would you agree with me that, during a cost-of-living crisis, the failure to deliver more energy-efficient homes will have a crucial impact on household bills, and this could be falling disproportionately on the rural and the elderly?

Thank you, Janet. I'm not entirely certain where the questions were in that. But, just to say a couple of things, you should be very careful about statistics; they're very deceptive. You chose to look at the percentage of houses at EPC C, but, of course, we've already brought all social homes in Wales up to EPC D as part of the Welsh housing quality standard. And if you actually ever listened to anything that's said in Plenary, you'd know that we're about to launch the next Welsh housing quality standard, which I've referenced numerous times already. It seems to have passed you by.

The British Government, since you brought this up, hasn't, of course, brought any of its social homes up to EPC D. It hasn't even attempted the task. The statistics you quote are heavily skewed in favour of the south-east. So, it's always important to, as I was once told by a law professor, read all the way to the end of the page. So, I would highly recommend you do that in looking at those statistics.

In view of the other comments you made, there are three things to say. I referenced the UK Government schemes because they're the ones that have been failing and that we've had to step into the breach to save people from. It's cost us a lot of money to do that. It was morally the right thing to do. The UK Government should have done it, quite clearly.

The fuel poverty thing, let's be absolutely clear, is entirely driven by the way that the energy market is pegged to the marginal price of gas. If the UK Government wanted to fix that, it could. It has a Bill going through the Houses of Parliament right now that does not fix it. It could fix it and it has chosen not to.

It's quite clearly nonsensical to charge renewable energy in the same way as you charge fossil fuel supply. On renewable energy, clearly, the cost of that is in the capital expenditure to build it. The supply is free—the wind is free, the sun is free. The Chancellor has not yet figured out a way to tax it. But, that's not the case with fossil fuels. You have upfront capital investment to build the plants that drive it, but also the supply costs money, and that's what's driving the problems in the energy market. So, the two solutions are really straightforward. First of all, properly fund renewables. I'll just remind you once again that we would have a tidal lagoon in Swansea if the Conservative Government had listened to its own Conservative adviser about building it, and then we would have a really serious supply of renewable energy already. Absolutely, the Conservative ex-Government Minister who recommended it said that it was a no-brainer and he was absolutely right. So, lots of things have been missed here. But, the bottom line is, unless we move, shift away from fossil fuels onto renewables, and we change the energy market to match that, then we will be facing this problem, well, until there's next a Labour Government. Diolch.

Can I say that I enjoyed that response from the Minister to Janet Finch-Saunders, apart from the last sentence? I welcome that response. It is now almost a cliché to say that we are living through a period of unprecedented change. From Brexit to COVID, and now the war in Ukraine, this is all having a detrimental impact on the supply chain, with the costs of raw materials, production and transport increasing rapidly.

We know from the UK climate risk assessment that the housing stock of this state is not fit to deal with the two main climate change threats that affect public health, namely rain and floods brought about by high winds, and extreme heat. This is important because it is here in Wales that we have the oldest housing stock in Europe, with a third of the housing stock built before 1919. These homes are considered difficult to maintain. In addition to this, of course, a number of the properties in this part of Wales are listed, as I've noted several times. With old housing stock such as this, and with many listed buildings that cannot be retrofitted effectively, how is the Welsh Government going to ensure that most of the housing stock is not only energy efficient, but ensures a high standard of living for everybody?

Wales, of course, is considered a zone 4 weather zone, where there are close links between rain driven by wind, low quality housing and poor health. I was saddened to read recently about the death of a two-year-old boy in Manchester, Awaab Ishak, with the coroner linking his death directly to mold and damp in his home. The inquest found extensive mould on the walls and ceilings of the bathroom and kitchen. There was also damp and mould in a cupboard in the bedroom. The same is true of many homes in Wales, with mold and damp posing a direct threat to the health of thousands of people in social housing and in the private rented sector. The housing crisis is a health crisis, and climate change will only exacerbate this, so making homes more energy efficient is essential not only to combat climate change, but our public health emergencies. So, I would like to know what the Welsh Government is doing to respond to the health crisis through their actions in the housing sector. More specifically, what is the Welsh Government doing to reduce the presence of dampness and mould in the Welsh housing stock through their retrofitting programme?

One retrofitting model that experts in the sector do advocate is deep retrofitting, where individual homes are treated on an individual basis. This, of course, requires numerous skills, comprehensive training and a significant workforce. A retrofit programme on this scale would require a skills and training programme supported by the Government. This would ultimately reduce costs significantly, and would provide an economic boost by developing a skilled workforce across the country, providing economic benefit to all parts of Wales.

Diolch yn fawr, Mabon. Just to say, I agree with much of what you say, in terms of the detrimental effect of poor housing on health. There's much evidence to show that housing is one of the most fundamental things that can improve quality of life and quality of health, so I absolutely agree with you there. One of the reasons we did the Welsh housing quality standard in the first place was to ensure that the social housing stock was brought to the right standard.

You may know—it has been the subject of other statements here on the floor—that we're currently looking at the regulatory framework for social landlords in Wales, with a view to making sure that landlords maintain their housing stock to the level that we want, as part of the regulatory framework. So, we'll be bringing that back to the floor of the Senedd in due course—not very long, I hope—to do that. We want the Welsh housing quality standard maintained at its current level, but then, Mabon, you will also have heard me say that, in the new year, we'll be bringing forward the next iteration of the Welsh housing quality standard to get up to the next level. We're currently in discussion with all of our social landlords about how to do that, so the social sector is then covered.

You'll be aware that we're about to implement the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016, subject to the Senedd agreeing the various regulations that are still to go through. I find myself touching wood at this point in time—it has been a long time coming. But, of course, the whole point of the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 is to have houses in the private rented sector that are fit for human habitation, and that includes the issues that you raised. One of the reasons that we’ve stepped in to correct some of the UK Government’s schemes, which were cavity wall insulation schemes, generally speaking, is because they have caused real mould and damp. That is the problem when cavity wall insulation goes wrong. Actually, that just demonstrates why we’re doing the optimised retrofit, because lots of cavity wall insulation has been installed across Wales with really good effect. We always talk about the ones that have gone wrong, but it’s just that one size doesn’t fit all. So, in some houses it’s great, cavity wall insulation, if it’s correctly installed and it’s the right kind of house for it and it doesn’t soak up damp into the cavity and all the rest of it. In other homes, it’s proved a very poor, retrograde step, and that’s why we wanted to have this optimised retrofit programme, or the deep retrofitting as it’s called elsewhere, because we are absolutely looking at each type of house in Wales and we are absolutely trialling out a series of techs on an iterative learn and process programme to figure out for each sort of housing that we have in Wales, including the old housing stock and the listed buildings, what will work, what can bring that particular type of house up to the best standard it can get—that might not be A; that might be C—and then what to do with those types of houses that can only be brought to that level. I’m very fortunate in some ways, as I live in a very, very old house, and it’s a privilege to do so. I regard it as a trust for future generations. But, of course, it’s much harder to retrofit such houses, but they’re part of our culture and heritage. It’s an old Gower farmhouse. These things are important for other reasons as well, so it’s important to get this right.

Thank you very much for your statement. It poses as many questions as it answers, but it’s useful to know the information you’ve given. This funding of £35 million for the Warm Homes programme for the next two years, is that per year, or for the two years?

Two years.

Okay, so it’s £35 million for two years. Okay, that’s good. I think one of the problems we have is that people don’t know how to approach this—they’re not environmental experts. So, I welcome the fact that you are going to create this hub, but I’m concerned that, in the first year, it will only be available to the social housing sector, because whilst there is a huge threat from the massive hike in energy prices, it’s also an opportunity to get people to focus on the need to decarbonise, which we’ve all got to do anyway. I do think that people are very confused about what they should do with their particular property and they need—

Jenny, please can you ask a question?

—independent advice in order to do it. So, the question is why do you not think it’s possible to extend it to anybody who needs this free advice from the first year.

Thank you. I’ve got so many people who want to ask questions, I’ve got to keep you to time.

A very short answer, Jenny, is because we haven’t yet got all the learning out of ORP. So, the energy advice service is there to help owner-occupiers, but we’d like that to be much more specific, and we want to be sure that, when it is specific, it’s correct. So, we’re going to trial it out on our social housing providers, which we can de-risk, before we’re able to offer it. But people who want to do it now can get advice from the Welsh energy advisory service of a slightly more generalised nature about what they should do to their home for most efficiency.

Thank you, Minister, for bringing forward today's statement. As we know and as acknowledged, Wales does have an older and less energy-efficient housing stock compared to other parts of the UK, and it's part of the reason I raised the point earlier with the Trefnydd in questions about the opportunities of ECO4. So, thank you for acknowledging some of those opportunities in your statement today as well.

An idea has been mooted in the past, Minister, and also mentioned to the Minister for Finance and Local Government, and it's actually where an element of council tax could be aligned to the energy efficiency of homes, similar to the way in which cars are taxed around their emissions. This, of course, could help incentivise people, alongside grants, to make their houses more energy efficient. I'm conscious, as I'm sure you are, of your Government's commitment to reforming council tax in Wales in the co-operation agreement with Plaid Cymru. So, in light of this, Minister, what are your thoughts on the possibility of an element of council tax being based on the energy efficiency of someone's home? And will you carry out further work on this idea with the Minister for local government? Thanks.

Yes, Sam, I think we absolutely do need to look at an incentive programme for people. One of the mysteries of the world to me—you and I have discussed this when you had a previous hat on, as did I—is why house prices don't reflect various improvements. So, a huge mystery to me is why fully enabled broadband houses are not more expensive than ones that aren't, because if I was buying a house that didn't have any broadband in it, I'd knock the cost of putting the broadband in off the price of the house. So, I don't understand why that hasn't worked in the market, and energy efficiency is exactly the same. When you're buying a house, surely the fact that your bills are going to be £18 a year makes a huge difference to how much you're prepared to spend compared to several thousand pounds a year. I don't understand why the market hasn't worked.

So, we will need to look at—and Rebecca Evans and I have already started some preliminary conversations about how this might work—an incentive programme for owner-occupiers, but I will say that is in the beginnings of that conversation. As I referenced in my statement, there are discussions with the Development Bank of Wales as well about loans and grant schemes, because we want to get this right. And as I've just said to Jenny Rathbone, we want to be sure that the advice we're giving people about investing their money produces the result that they are looking for in terms of energy efficiency, and that the capital investment they make is reflected in the value they get back, both in decreased energy bills, but also in the value of the asset. So, we're working on it, we're absolutely looking at incentives, and all good ideas are very welcome.

I'm a member of the Equality and Social Justice Committee that held an inquiry into the Warm Homes programme, making recommendations in terms of lessons learnt and improving the new version of the programme. In responding to the recommendations, the Government suggested there would be an update on the next version soon after the summer recess. Your statement today, now that we are in November, is late and vague in terms of setting a clear timetable. If the procurement process, as you mention, is to happen in 2023, is it then after April 2024 that the new programme will be launched, a year later than expected? And although you mentioned some changes to the current Nest programme, why wasn't there mention of valuable changes that could be done urgently, given that fuel poverty for those who qualify is getting worse in the current crisis within the current Nest scheme, for example, combining the work on the fabric of homes, on insulation, with the work of fitting heating systems in the least energy-efficient homes?

Thanks very much for that. As I said to a couple of other people as well, first off to say that the new programme will begin before next winter. So, we will procure it and start it before next winter, just to be really clear, and there's a clear timetable for doing that and I'm very keen, obviously, that we don't go into yet another winter without doing it. But, we do want to learn a lot of lessons about some of the well-intentioned schemes from the past. Siân Gwenllian, I know, has problems in her constituency, other Members have problems, and I have them in my own, from schemes that were largely successful, but because a one-size-fits-all approach was taken, the houses that weren't suitable are really left in difficulty, and it's not always that we can help. So, we haven't been able to help all the households across Wales that have found themselves in difficulty for various complicated contractual issues around the way that those programmes were rolled out.

So, I really do think it's important to get it right, and that we don't actually inadvertently make a minority of people worse off than they were in the first place. And I'm also very keen to make sure that we can develop Welsh supply chains for this. So, you know, at the moment, some of this technology is really expensive, and the cost-benefit analysis is quite difficult, even with energy prices the way that they are. But, if we do it properly, then we will be able to get a supply chain in place that reduces the cost of that technology much more rapidly than would otherwise happen. There are lots of examples of Government procurements being able to do that, and I'm very keen to get the green jobs in Wales as well as the efficiency for the houses.

On the Nest scheme, we have been looking for some time at a way to improve that scheme, because you know that, largely, it's been putting more efficient gas boilers in in place of very inefficient gas boilers, and whilst that does of course produce some benefit for the household, with the current cost of gas, it's not producing much benefit—and anyway, it doesn't help the climate emergency, which is one of the biggest problems we've all got. So, again, trying to morph the programme, so that it doesn't take away some help from the least-able-to-cope households, but also doesn't make the problem worse in the future, has been more problematic than I would have liked it to have been, and that's the truth of it. So, what we want to do is get some programmes in place that help the most people do the best thing for their home, whether through the social landlord programme or through our councils or through our leaseback schemes or with the private rented sector.

And then, the last piece of that jigsaw is how to incentivise the private rented sector landlords to actually stay in the sector and invest, rather than just leave the sector, if we put obligations on them. So, having conversations with the private rented sector landlords, through various organisations, about the best way to incentivise that. Because most landlords in Wales only own one or two houses; we haven't got any huge landlord agents, or not very many huge landlords. So, making sure that those people stay in the sector and don't just sell up to the highest bidder is a really important part of what we're trying to do as well.

I very much welcome the statement by the Minister. I agree with the Minister that the cost-of-living crisis is, in a large part, driven by energy prices, as increases are affecting the price of not just gas and electric but many other consumables. Whilst this is having a detrimental effect on all of our living standards, it's having a devastating effect on households who are least able to pay, driving families who were just surviving into fuel poverty. I am pleased that the Welsh Government's focus will continue to be on supporting lower income families who are in fuel poverty, to reduce their bills and carbon emissions. I agree that decarbonisation, improving the energy efficiency of homes in Wales across all tenures, and how it is going to be funded is obviously complex. In Swansea East, as the Minister knows, there are a large number of retired people living in poor energy-efficient homes that they own. Will the Welsh Government consider ending the Help to Buy scheme, which has the effect of inflating house prices, and use that money to provide loans to owner-occupiers and private landlords to improve energy efficiency? And would the Minister like to comment on the Pobl scheme in my constituency?

Just on that last one: it's a great scheme, isn't it? So, the kind of collective action that you get when you're able to implement the sorts of collective energy efficiency schemes that you get in that instance is an example, and we're hoping to roll that model out. So, for Members who aren't familiar with it, we've got a new estate and an old estate coming together with an energy efficiency scheme that allows those with the ability to put good solar panels on their homes to share their energy out across the scheme, to provide EV charging points, and all the rest of it; it allows Economy 7 to work for white goods across the scheme. There's a whole series of things that you can do with the collective power of coming together, basically. So, it's a great scheme. I've managed to visit it a couple of times, and we will be looking to roll that out with the companies that have been involved in that—with the social landlord company and the energy companies that have been working with us. So, that's a really excellent example of what can be achieved.

Just in terms of the Help to Buy, it's a bit more complicated than that. We use Help to Buy to drive other improvements in the building industry. So, actually, builders who don't build to particular standards don't get Help to Buy, and that's been very helpful in driving some of those standards. We also use financial transactions capital, which, Mike, I know you're familiar with, but it is an arcane art, so it's not quite as easy to swap that out into individual householder loans. We are though looking, with the Development Bank of Wales, at rolling out grant and loan schemes to owner-occupiers in exactly the circumstances that you're talking about and, actually, being able to target people who get the single-occupier discount, who are often older people who've lost a partner and are in that exact position. So, we have a way to identify people, so that we can consult on it. So, we are looking to do exactly that.

I just have two questions, as chair of the cross-party group on fuel poverty and energy efficiency, which have come from the group. We heard reference earlier to the Equality and Social Justice Committee inquiry into fuel poverty and the Warm Homes programme, and recommendations for the Welsh Government to ensure that the programme embeds the fabric and worst-first approach to retrofitting, as well as targeting the poorest households and the least efficient homes, being bigger in scale and greener in interventions, allowing for multiple measures to be installed. In your previous responses, you have, I think, addressed some of those points, but how in particular will you ensure that the programme embeds the fabric and worst-first approach in the least efficient homes?

Secondly, as we've also heard, Wales has some of the oldest and least thermally efficient housing stock compared to the UK and Europe. Free energy efficiency measures are being rejected by many people, as they're seen as inflexible and incompatible with the buildings they reside in. You've already explained in part how you will tailor energy efficiency measures to adapt to the various different types of buildings that exist in Wales, but specifically, given likely delays to the next iteration of the Warm Homes programme, what consideration has the Welsh Government given to enabling the current Nest scheme to make more appropriate fabric improvements to insulate qualifying fuel-poor homes, whilst also supporting them to replace inefficient heating systems in light of the closure of Arbed and the anticipated increase in Nest's budget?

Well, you sort of answered your own question a little bit there, Mark. But, as I said before, we are absolutely looking at a fabric-first, worst-first kind of approach, but it's very difficult to just target one house sometimes. So, in my statement, I alluded to the fact that we're looking at community energy programmes. We're working with local authorities to do an energy map across Wales, so that we know where communities with the least energy-efficient housing are to see if we can do a community upgrade that will allow us to use social housing levers to help the whole community come up, if you like. So, it's quite difficult to just target one house in the middle of a cluster otherwise. We're also, as I've said many times, looking to make sure that we do the right thing for the right house.

On Nest, I just don't have enough money to do everything that I'd like to do to everyone's house. So, trying to do something for a large number of people as opposed to a lot for a smaller number of people is always one of the most difficult balances that we have. So, we constantly look to see whether it's better to help more people do one thing than it is to help very much fewer people do everything, and I'm afraid that's one of the balances we're constantly wrestling with. I'm very happy to work with the committee about where to hit the right balance for all of that.

Finally, Sarah Murphy.

Diolch. Minister, thank you for the statement today. The energy efficiency of homes continues to be a key issue for my constituents, especially when we do have some developments in the works at the moment, like the regeneration of Porthcawl. There's a real feeling from the community that they would love to have them as green and all of the things we were talking about today, really—energy efficient, built for the future, and cost-effective. At our Porthcawl region Dragon's Den event last year, Sero Homes actually came in and did a presentation, which they really loved. I know that you're aware of them. And, also, I've spoken with Porthcawl's third age organisation, who stress the need for solar panels in all homes, including those built by private developers, and that's the crux of my question today. It's about those private developers, because Bridgend County Borough Council councillors are really keen to ensure that homes built in the private sector also meet these demands, by asking them to build houses with energy-efficient provisions, like solar panels, taps, et cetera. So, will it be possible for you to meet with Bridgend County Borough Council and me, especially as we're looking at the Porthcawl regeneration at the moment, to see what we can do about this private development, so that it ticks all of those boxes for all of us?

I'd be more than happy to meet with you and the council, and the developer, indeed, Sarah. We have brought forward changes to Part L of the building regulations. They are technology neutral, so we're saying that they need a 37 per cent change in the efficiency, but not that you need to do that via solar panels or an air-source heat pump, for all the reasons I've spoken about earlier.

The other thing we're having a look at is what we can do about making sure that builders who are building out planning consents actually build to the most recent standard, because, at the moment, as Members across the Chamber will know, once you've started a planning consent, you can build it out. So, we still have homes being built without sprinklers in them because they've started the planning consent and they're not going to the most relevant. Now, we tried to incentivise the house builders to do that. Lee Waters and I have a construction forum, and we meet with them very regularly. We try to put a lot of pressure on them to build to the most recent standard. I am taking some legal advice on whether there's anything we can do to limit the amount of time you can take advantage of a planning consent once you've started before you need to implement the most up-to-date regulations for all sorts of reasons. I hope we'll be able to address some of that in the building safety Bill that we'll be bringing forward, which is mostly affecting high-rises, but will have other effects right across the piece.

I thank the Minister.

The next item is a second statement by the Minister for Climate Change, on energy policy. I call on the Minister, Julie James.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. As global leaders meet in Egypt for COP27, I am pleased to be able to update Members on how we will continue to lead the transition from fossil fuels to an energy system based on renewables.

While messages from the UK Government have been confusing and contradictory, we have been clear and consistent. We will keep fossil fuels in the ground, and we will continue to apply all the levers at our disposable to phase out the extraction of fossil fuels in Wales. We will build a flexible, smart, renewables-based energy system. And we will ensure our households, businesses and communities benefit from the transition with increased energy security and less exposure for customers to the global price of fossil fuels. I've recently published our update on implementing recommendations from the renewable energy deep dive and announced the creation of a publicly owned energy developer. Today, I want to update Members on our policy on fossil fuel use in power generation and industrial installations. I will also set out our position on hydrogen and carbon capture, utilisation and storage.

Wales hosts a disproportionately large amount of gas-fired power plants supplying the electricity grid. The Climate Change Committee has been clear in their advice that we need to decarbonise this sector by 2035. Our approach will be two pronged. As set out in 'Net Zero Wales', we see no role for new fossil-fuelled power plant in Wales and, following publication of a position statement, this policy can take effect through the planning regime. Secondly, we must address the emissions from combusting fossil fuels at existing power stations, including energy-from-waste plants and plants within industrial sites. Collectively, these accounted for a third of all Wales's greenhouse gas emissions in 2020.

We issued a joint call for evidence on decarbonisation readiness with the UK Government last year. While we have been co-operating with the UK Government on policy development, we do not think their planned approach will go far enough to bring forward the action we need in Wales. The regulation of power stations and other industrial installations through the existing environmental permitting regime does not explicitly drive the transition to net zero. This is an issue recognised by the European Union, which is also looking into reform of its regime to align to the European Union's net-zero agenda. Therefore, we will be working with Natural Resources Wales on options development to explicitly ensure the environmental permitting regime supports net-zero objectives, alongside other strategic environmental priorities. This will complement other measures, such as carbon pricing implemented through the UK emissions trading scheme. I will be publishing a position statement on combustion of fossil fuels for power and our Government response to the call for evidence on decarbonisation readiness before the end of the year.

We recognise the need for a just transition and know that, for some sectors, a move from fossil fuels poses significant challenges. For some, hydrogen may provide one of the few ways to decarbonise heavy industry through fuel switching, and to reduce emissions in hard-to-abate modes of transportation, notably in heavy goods vehicles, aviation and shipping. There is also considerable potential to use hydrogen as a storage medium for renewable energy, in particular if it were possible to capture excess energy production. It may also have a role as a replacement for natural gas in heating solutions.

Uncertainties remain over the economic sectors in which hydrogen will play the greatest role, and the overall scale and cost of its application in the longer term. We continue to engage with industry on the available evidence and are assessing opportunities for Wales to use hydrogen in its decarbonisation pathway and to support economic development. Hydrogen production methods vary, as do the emissions associated with them. Green hydrogen produced from renewable electricity via electrolysis has a very low impact on greenhouse gas emissions during its operation, and is potentially economically attractive if it can make use of the excess electricity generated from wind generation.

This is our preferred production method, and we do need to set the ambition for all hydrogen to be produced from renewable sources in the longer term. However, in order to support the decarbonisation of industry in Wales, we understand we may need to move through a phase of using blue hydrogen produced by fossil fuels. But this needs to be a manged transition and we will need to put steps in place, including through our permitting regime, to encourage as rapid a transition as technology and cost will allow.

Deputy Llywydd, the final area I want to outline our plans on relates to carbon capture, utilisation and storage. This is a technology that has long been in development globally, largely funded by governments with the aim of bringing forward the technology for emission reduction purposes and developing exportable expertise. Nevertheless, deployment is limited, regulatory mechanisms are yet to be fully developed, and significant risks remain, which will need to be addressed if the technology is to be successfully deployed at any scale and with the confidence of the public.

Despite this, international studies undertaken by organisations including the Climate Change Committee, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the International Energy Agency have consistently concluded that CCUS, as it is known, is likely to be a key part of the pathway to reducing emissions at lowest cost, with a key area for CCUS deployment in heavy industry. The Climate Change Committee considers all currently credible pathways through which the UK could reach net-zero emissions domestically and involve a significant role for CCUS, especially for industry and greenhouse gas recovery. They are also clear that CCUS is not a silver bullet and that every attempt must be made to prevent the greenhouse gases being generated in the first instance.

Deputy Llywydd, we must avoid passing on environmental risk and liability to future generations. We have been working for some time with industry in Wales to understand their options and challenges. We are also working to understand the potential role of Ministers by developing a regulatory route map for CCUS in Wales. Around 25 per cent of industrial emissions in Wales are non-combustion process emissions, either from chemical or physical reactions, and these can't be avoided by switching to alternative fuels. Currently, carbon capture, utilisation and storage offers a potential decarbonisation pathway for these industries.

We need to ensure that CCUS is deployed only where other options for decarbonisation have been explored and justifiably discounted. We will do so through the introduction of an energy and carbon hierarchy. We will also explore limits to deployment as a way of managing environmental and financial risks, and supporting the well-being of people living in Wales now and in the future. Crucially, we will support industry across Wales that, after exhausting the other options in the hierarchy, have only CCUS as a possible solution to decarbonise. We will stand with them in their attempts to secure business models and funding from the UK Government, in order to ensure a just transition to net zero.

We will be consulting publicly on policy position statements and next steps on hydrogen and CCUS in the spring. In the meantime, we will work with Net Zero Industry Wales to support transition for Welsh businesses and secure good quality jobs for the future within a thriving, low-carbon industrial base. Diolch.

Thank you for your statement, Minister. I would like to refer to the Climate Change, Environment and Infrastructure Committee's report on renewable energy in Wales, published in May 2022, and its comments on the serious risk of your Government failing to meet its own renewable energy targets. The committee stressed how barriers to renewable energy development were not new, nor was the Welsh Government's promise of action to address them. The report further stated how the Welsh Government was making the same promises now as it did back in 2012's energy strategy.

After a decade of these repeated promises, we now need concrete steps towards improvement. You may claim that the UK Government is not clear and consistent, but I can confirm that you have also been consistent in failing to deliver the changes we need to ensure that Wales has a renewable energy revolution. So, will you explain what actions you're taking to remove barriers to renewable energy in Wales? I strongly believe that nuclear power is absolutely vital to meeting our climate change commitments, and I endorse and support the comments by the fantastic Member of Parliament for Ynys Môn in the work that she has done trying to bring nuclear to Ynys Môn.

At a time of great international uncertainty in the energy market, made worse by Putin's appalling war against Ukraine, it's vital that we do not close off avenues to generating clean, home-grown, reliable power. Therefore, I welcome the UK Government's commitment to nuclear energy throughout the Nuclear Energy (Financing) Act 2022, and I would urge the Welsh Government to commit here today to supporting the Wylfa and Trawsfynydd sites. For my constituents in Aberconwy—[Interruption.] Do you want to intervene?

First of all, there are no interventions in statements. And secondly, can all Members give the opportunity to the Member to ask her questions, please?

Thank you. Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. For my constituents in Aberconwy, a small modular reactor site would mean an investment of £200 million and 200 direct jobs, and it would make us a leader in high-skilled green industry. So, in order to improve our future renewable energy capacity, will you, Minister, put party politics aside, and commit to supporting nuclear power across sites such as Trawsfynydd, so that we can turbocharge—

I think they have, haven't they?

Well, they might have. I’d love to know your exact position.

Anyway, of course, this statement today is taking place across the backdrop of the COP27 summit, in which world leaders, including our own Prime Minister, will be there to discuss how we can all move together to address these challenges. We can only take meaningful action on climate change, including clamping down on big polluters, if the international community works together. So, will the Welsh Government reach out and make sure that all levels of Government are working together to address business and consumer concerns and demonstrate a clear road map towards delivering more renewable power?

You know that I’m also very supportive of hydrogen, and I welcome again the UK Conservative Government’s commitment to establish a hydrogen hub in Holyhead. Will you replicate the hydrogen village policy that is now being pursued elsewhere in the UK? There are times when it’s convenient for this Welsh Government to follow the lead of the UK Government, as is the case in what I will be speaking about later, but in other instances, you tend to go your own way for the sake of going your own way, and this is at the cost of my residents in Aberconwy and Wales as a whole. It’s time that we actually got on with it now. There are so many different technologies coming to the fore in green technology that will provide good, highly skilled, highly paid jobs for people across Wales. At some stage, Minister, we have to—well, you have to—grasp this nettle. Diolch.

Well, Janet, as always, I really feel the need to start by reminding you that you’re a Tory, and that the Tory Government is the one that removed the investment from Wylfa. Maybe we should just buy you a little history of the last 15 years and give it to your researcher, because I feel it’s sorely needed, quite frankly.

And the other thing: I have to admire your sheer brass neck. I don’t know whether you've got really good polish for it. Maybe you should seriously consider doing stand-up, because that was hilarious. First of all, we’re already doing all the things you called on us to do. No doubt you’ll now tweet to say we’re doing the things you’re calling on us to do, rather than doing them at your behest, because we’re already doing every single thing you asked us to do. The UK Government is copying our approach to nuclear and not the other way round, just to be clear, and we’ve had all of the assembled expertise in the north of Wales for some considerable time waiting for the UK Government to (a) stop switching chairs, and (b) actually get its act together.

And the idea that you can actually stand without embarrassment and welcome the fact that the Prime Minister went to COP27, when he was dragged kicking and screaming, and made what can only be described as an incredibly lukewarm speech, and not the world-leading speech he ought to have made, is frankly extraordinary.

This statement is very timely as COP27 happens in Egypt, as we’ve just heard. This morning, I met young people as part of Youth COP Cymru, which is arranged by Size of Wales, and it's clear to me that reducing carbon emissions is a priority for them in order to prevent the appalling predictions from coming about.

Earlier this year, the Environmental Audit Committee in Westminster recommended that the UK Government should make the Tata steelworks in Port Talbot a pilot site for carbon capture and storage. Clearly, this is a very important site in terms of local jobs, but decarbonising the works there is also an integral part of securing the future in order to reduce energy costs and also to reduce emissions. I would be grateful, Minister, if you could tell us what discussions you’ve had with the UK Government on the possibility of including Port Talbot in the carbon capture, use and storage pilot. I would like to hear more, too, about what the Welsh Government is doing in order to make progress with carbon-capture programmes and supporting steel in Wales.

In terms of the principle of carbon capture, I accept what you've said on the need to carry out thorough research into technologies being developed at the moment, but can you give us an idea of the rationale behind using this as a last resort? Is your concern that the carbon captured wouldn't be sufficient to contribute sufficiently for net-zero targets, and that we therefore shouldn't put too much emphasis on that? I'd like to understand that in more detail.

And moving forward to what you said about hydrogen, I'm pleased that you recognise the huge potential in this area, and I would suggest that we need to make progress quickly here so that we can lead the way in Wales. I know that this is an issue that my colleague, Rhun ap Iorwerth, is very interested in. He's held a debate on the issue, and he's mentioned the excellent work happening in universities in Wales, as well as the fact that many innovative companies are located here. Plaid Cymru has been calling for some time for action in this area, and I would welcome, and I do welcome the fact that you intend to consult on a hydrogen strategy soon. But can you give us an assurance please that the work of developing the sector will continue in the meantime?

And, finally, to return to COP27, there are two crucial things to understand. First of all, the scale of the problem. The head of the UN said that we are on the road to climate hell. Now, that sentence has been quoted a number of times in the Chamber already today, but we can't undervalue the importance of that. And in terms of understanding this, we need to be clear about the steps that the Government is taking, and intends to take, in order to get to grips with this problem. People across the world are seriously concerned about the situation; the young people I met this morning were gravely concerned. Can you tell us how your Government will use its influence to set an example and work with others to try and have an impact on the global situation? And on that final point, Minister, can you tell us whether there's been an opportunity missed in having the Welsh voice heard stronger on the international stage, given that the Scottish First Minister did attend COP27? Now, I don't intend that to be a criticism of you; I know that your Government takes this very seriously. But given that Wales's platform internationally is so great at the moment, do you think that there's been an opportunity missed here? Thank you.

Diolch, Delyth. Well, just to address that last one first, we thought very carefully about whether I should go to COP27, or indeed, the First Minister should go, but I'm actually attending COP15 in Canada—the biodiversity COP—which is a decision-making COP. And given the carbon footprint of going all over the place, and given that this isn't a decision-making COP—it's an implementation COP; we have a team of officials out there working on the implementation side of it, but we thought that the platform was better used at COP15 because we need to develop the 30x30 targets, and it's a decision-making COP. So, it was balanced carefully. We really thought about it, and I did very seriously think about going, but, on balance, we decided—it's Wales in Canada year as well—that the COP15 ministerial attendance was very important. But just to be really clear, we have a team of officials out at COP27 taking part in the implementation talks, which are obviously the very important part of what's going on there. And it's why it was so disappointing that the UK Prime Minister, who actually has a seat at the table, which sadly I do not, was so reluctant to take that leading role, which I think is a very important point.

And, then, in terms of all the other technical things, in terms of the carbon capture, utilisation and storage models, we are taking part in the trials in north Wales—the HyNet trials. There are real issues around how the technology would work in the rest of Wales because there are no suitable storage opportunities. We're looking at a whole series of pieces of work about whether a pipeline—how it would work, but it's likely to be quite expensive, and, unfortunately, some of the heavy industry that needs it is in south Wales. So, we're very much taking part in HyNet, it's called, in north-east Wales, and helping industry there to take part in it.

Our—I don't know what word to use; 'scepticism' is too hard a word—but our worry is that over-reliance on a technology not yet proven on our path to net zero will end up with us not getting there. So, if the technology is proven, then we will, yes, of course, embrace it, and we're working very hard with Valero, Tata Steel, and a number of other very heavy industries along the south coast here to try and understand how that might work for them, and indeed, actually, how the carbon stored might be reutilised, as you said. But that technology has been a long time coming, and isn't there yet—it works at small scale, but there's no at-scale yet. And I'm just a bit worried that an over-reliance on a technology that's not yet there to save us all might not save us all. So I just want to be clear on that.

And then, on hydrogen, it's clear that making hydrogen at scale at the moment requires fossil fuels. But we will be very clear that, although we will allow that to happen in Wales, because we need the hydrogen, we will not be stuck with stranded assets or old technology and we will be sure that anyone who's getting licences to do that is on a path to green hydrogen at speed. And I've had a large number of really interesting discussions with the global heads of various renewable industries about making sure that we have a planning sector that both encourages the hydrogen use, but also does not get stuck as a test bed for old technology and then it moves on to a bigger scale some place else. So, calibrating that is very much part of the strategy. And then, just to reassure you that we are very much working on it, and when we bring the strategy forward, it will very much have been worked on, and then wanting the Senedd's views on where to take it from there.

Personally, if we're going to not pass on the environmental risk and liability to future generations, I don't see how we can be building nuclear, because nobody knows what to do with all the waste that's produced, and that certainly is a way of passing on that risk.

I just want to welcome the fact that you are focusing on green hydrogen as the long-term goal, but I'd be keen to understand what we can do to generate more excess electricity from both wind and solar so that we're not so reliant on having to use blue hydrogen for decarbonising our industries. And lastly, I wonder if you could tell us, in terms of the non-combustion processes that are emitting, what progress is the Government making on supporting industry to develop much more low-carbon concrete. as opposed to the stuff that's normally used? Clearly, we're still going to need concrete, but we need to have low-carbon concrete to build those bridges across our railways and rivers.

Thank you, Jenny. So, on that last one, we fund and work alongside a number of universities across Wales, and specifically down in Swansea—very specifically—to develop as low a carbon as possible infrastructure for things like concrete and steel. You can't have renewables without steel, so making sure that the steel is produced as efficiently and in as low a carbon methodology as possible is a really important part of that. And Vaughan Gething and myself and Jeremy Miles have had a series of conversations about our net-zero skills programme, but with the various ports along the south coast and the various players in those ports, to make sure that we're bringing the technology for floating wind, for example, here to south Wales, and we're making sure that our steel manufacturing is geared up to make the kinds of steel necessary to do that, and that we have all of the other stuff—the submarine cables, and the chain, and all the rest of it, all the production lines that go with that. So, large amounts of green jobs, in inverted commas, but actually making products that aren't particularly green, in order to help the renewables industry. So making sure that they're all decarbonised—the cables, and the chains, and all the rest of it—and are also made in the least carbon-intensive way is very important to that project. And we've sponsored a large number of research projects around Wales. A number of us—Lesley and the First Minister—met with a whole series of companies in southern Ireland very recently, to discuss all of this as well. So we're very actively involved in that kind of discussion.

The big issue for renewables is base load, as it's called. So, this is the energy that can be switched on when everybody turns their kettle on at 9 o'clock, which they still do, apparently, even though we're not all watching the same tv programme. And that's one of the tragedies of the Tory Government's decision not to fund the tidal lagoons, because that had the real potential for that. We will be bringing forward a tidal lagoon challenge, as promised in our manifesto, shortly, to make sure that we do get the technology going. And I also want to remind the Conservative Government that one of the first things they did when they came into power, a very long time ago now—so, all these Governments you're blaming are your own—was cancel the Severn barrage project. So, the idea that—. We really could be well on the way to be self-sufficient in renewables and instead, we're in a global crisis caused by our reliance on fossil fuels, and I think that just says it all.

I'm grateful to the Minister for her statement this afternoon, and one specific point that I picked up on was the clarification around the use of blue hydrogen as a transition towards the use of green hydrogen. And the Minister will be aware that, earlier today in my FMQ, I spoke about floating offshore wind and the possibilities of that off the south Pembrokeshire coast, and how that renewable can lend itself to green hydrogen production as well. So I'm grateful for that point of clarification.

But could I also stress another company that the Minister mentioned in response to Delyth Jewell was Valero, and, while not directly mentioned in your statement, the importance of the emissions trading scheme? And, can I just plead with the Minister to ensure that communication is still ongoing with Valero and other businesses in the south Wales industrial cluster around the emissions trading scheme and the importance that that scheme lends to the decarbonisation of these really important employers. Because, while we want to get to net zero, these employers still provide jobs and support communities and families at this moment, and you can't just switch off these businesses at this present moment. So, if I could just plead for her to continue those discussions, I'd be most grateful. Thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd.

I'm very happy to reassure you that we are, of course, doing that. Very recently, the Minister for Economy and myself met with Valero to discuss exactly that. We are just waiting on the next interministerial group with the UK Government to discuss the next iteration. We're somewhat hamstrung by the Northern Ireland situation. So we went out to consultation on the trading scheme, as I'm sure you're aware, but it requires all four Governments to come together as the authority to be able to take that forward. So, no doubt, there'll be a discussion about how to manage that, given the Northern Ireland situation.

There are still conversations about an export carbon price, which would definitely protect our steel industry, for example, and has been called for for some time, so discussions with the UK Government around, well, unfortunately, their reluctance to do that. I think it's very important for us to have the right global footprint for us to be able to protect our efficient industries and enable them to be able to compete on a global stage, as opposed to just dumping much cheaper products not produced in a carbon-efficient fashion across the globe. So those kinds of discussions are very much ongoing.

Then, just on floating wind, I heard your question earlier, of course; we welcome the interest in it. I would say that we do want the Crown Estate devolved. I know that it's not the policy of your benches, but, if we had the Crown Estate devolved to Wales, as it is in Scotland, it's clear from discussing with Scotland what else can be done. Now, we have a good relationship with the Crown Estate, and I'm very grateful for that, and they've been very helpful in terms of Welsh supply chains and so on, but it is undoubtedly the case that, if we controlled it here in Wales, we could get a better supply chain and a better profit element here in Wales for that, as is the case in Scotland. So I would urge the Conservatives to think again about that policy.

As the Member for Ynys Môn, I could pursue many elements of that very broad-ranging statement. I retain my particular interest in hydrogen, after having led that debate on hydrogen here some two and a half years ago. I understand the interest in HyNet in the north-east, but I would encourage the Minister to keep an eye on and develop the Irish Sea connection—Pembrokeshire, Anglesey, along with our Irish partners—on the hydrogen front; really interesting prospects for green hydrogen linked to tidal stream energy, to offshore wind, also in nuclear generation creating hydrogen storage options. That's very interesting, though the context, of course, is the abject failure of the Conservatives to deliver on Wylfa, despite the hard work locally, and, as it happens, I wrote to the new Secretary of State for energy in Westminster last week, asking for clarity, because this will-they-won't-they ambiguity really damages communities like mine. That's the impact that the Conservative indecision is having. But, as it happens, we have lots of other issues that we can crack on with. A very short question though—

Yes, please.

—relating to solar. The Minister might not be aware of a scheme called Solar Together on Merseyside. It's a group buying—a sort of bulk buying scheme, encouraging communities to buy solar panels together, in order to bring prices down to encourage investment. Is that something that could be considered in Wales?

So, yes, that's very interesting. I am aware of it, and it's a very interesting development. We are very keen. The scheme referenced by our colleague, Mike Hedges, is a very similar sort of scheme, so we're very keen to understand how we might lever in finance in order to assist communities to come together to do exactly that, and then to share the energy out. So, in that scheme in particular it's very impressive that not everyone has a roof suitable for solar, but everyone is able to share in the power distribution and so on. So, yes, we are absolutely very keen on that. I'm also working with Swansea University, who have a very interesting, not yet at scale, home-grown solar panel invented. So, being able to get a supply chain that was Welsh-made would be really great, not only because I'd really love to have that kind of technology being made in Wales, but also just the carbon footprint of bringing them all from China is obviously considerable. So, there are lots of things to look at there, which I'm very keen to do.

Just in terms of hydrogen, I did mention HyNet, but I am aware of all of the other possibilities. We've just invested £1.21 million in a whole range of projects on hydrogen right across the north and west coasts, including looking at a range of renewables that might be used to generate excess energy, as it's called—so, energy that can't be exported into the grid—in order to make hydrogen production more viable. We certainly will be looking at that as a transitionary phase as we go forward.

I welcome the statement by the Minister. Now is the time for an unremitting focus on creating a strong renewable energy future and continuing to establish Wales as a leader for net zero. Wales benefits from diverse renewable energy resources—onshore wind, fixed and floating offshore wind, wave, tidal and solar—all of which can bring significant opportunities to Wales. Renewables are providing low-cost, home-grown energy, which is reducing our reliance on international gas prices, thus protecting bill payers.

Onshore wind is one of the lowest cost scalable electricity generation technologies, with rapid construction times. Complementing wind energy generation, tidal and wave energy will provide predictable and reliable sources, with co-location opportunities between wave and floating offshore wind. The Swansea bay tidal lagoon, which the Minister mentioned a few moments ago, should now become cost effective, and I urge the Minister to do everything possible to get it to occur. We have problems with grid connectivity. What is being done to improve grid connectivity? Finally, and perhaps most importantly, how are you going to make sure that carbon capture does not end up in acidifying the sea?

On that last one, exactly that, Mike. So, that's one of the reasons that we're looking with caution at the development of carbon capture, utilisation and storage. The technology clearly works at small scale, but as yet there's no big scale, and the storage issues that are being looked at in the HyNet project in the north will be very, very important—so, all of the issues about containment and making sure that it doesn't leak out and all the rest of it. The best thing would be to actually use it—so, looking at all the projects that can actually use the carbon that's captured in that way. So, the utilisiation bit of it, as well as the storage bit, is very important in that. That's why we're looking at it with some caution, because I think it is being seen as a silver bullet a little bit in some industries, and it most certainly isn't.

In terms of the range of other things that we're doing, we've got a very clear policy on local ownership. We'd like to see an energy price system that's entirely different to the one we have now. We're obviously linked to the marshalled price of gas, and that's the case even if you're getting most of your energy from renewables, which is obviously nonsensical. We do have some community projects on closed loop circuits, who are not having that problem. We're obviously very keen on making sure that those happen, but in a sustainable way. I know you're familiar with what happened down in Port Talbot when one of those went rather wrong—so, making sure we learn the lessons of that and making sure that community-owned closed loop systems also work is very important to us.

And then the last piece I just wanted to mention was, just before everyone changed seats again at Westminster, we had got an agreement with Greg Hands, who was the then Minister, that we would have a holistic network design for Wales at last—after 40 years of Labour asks, the Conservatives see sense. It does always seem to take about 40 years for them to see sense, unfortunately. So, I really hope that that will happen once the new Minister has settled in. We're hopeful that it will and that will mean that we will, for the first time, have a planned grid for Wales, not driven by just which consumer wants to connect next, and that will mean that we will be able to plan out community ownership schemes in a much more reasonable and practical way right across Wales, rather than the somewhat haphazard who-goes-first-pays principle that we have at the moment.

And finally, Alun Davies.

I'm grateful, Deputy Presiding Officer, and grateful to you, Minister, for your statement this afternoon. You made some very powerful statements at the beginning of your statement about the place of coal in our history and not our future. But there are, of course, already some consents and permissions within the system. Can you confirm—? I don't want to tempt you into making any comment on individual applications, but can you confirm that it is not the policy of this Government to allow any further extraction of coal at any time in the future?

It would be useful, I think, to have a statement on nuclear and its place in the overall energy mix. As you know, I'm a very strong supporter of the place of nuclear in the energy mix, and the points you made about base-load supply I think are well made, and nuclear does provide that. But we need a conversation about how we take that forward, particularly given the failures of UK Government on nuclear policy in the last decade or so.

But, finally, Minister, I'd like to push you a bit further, if I could, on the nature of Welsh Government policy. I don't want to see us adopting an approach whereby we say we want renewables and therefore we will accept anything to achieve that simple objective. I don't want to see my Valleys, the Valleys in the upper part of Gwent that I represent, having enormous developments imposed upon us in order to achieve a target that is determined elsewhere. What I would like to see is a very different vision of local generation—

Alun, you need to ask your question, please.

—supporting local need and local distributed supply, because I think that offers us an opportunity to do far more. And that means the Welsh Government removing a lot of the problems that exist, because, certainly, one of the great barriers we find is that other public sector bodies withhold consents and permissions that make and create barriers for the development of small-scale renewables.

I agree with that, Alun, and so we will be bringing forward the infrastructure consenting Bill in this Assembly year—so, before the end of the summer term—to make sure that we streamline the consenting for big projects and make a very distinct distinction between the planning sets for those. We've been doing a series of training rounds with all of the planning authorities in Wales about how to approach that and to make sure that they are fully aware of 'Future Wales: The National Plan' and of the most recent iteration of 'Planning Policy Wales', which have set out all of the policies that you've set out there.

In terms of base load, that's why the tidal lagoon fiasco in Swansea bay is so sad, because we would have had a pilot project there to actually test out whether you could get base-load renewables. In the meantime, nuclear is the only option for that.

On nuclear—Janet Finch-Saunders, I didn't address the point when she raised it, but the way that that's paid for is absolutely nonsensical. So, at the moment, they use a model that spread the cost out amongst all of the consumers. Clearly, that it is idiotic. This should be being done as research and development projects, properly capitalised by the UK Government, and, of course, we should not have come out of the collaboration with European Union research universities to the detriment of pretty much everyone on the planet, never mind here in the UK. So, reversing that would be a good deal.

And then, on the last piece of that, because we've made a public state-owned renewable energy developer, that is the organ with which we will encourage, alongside Ynni Cymru and with Plaid Cymru, the community ownership of the larger scale renewable plants that will allow us to spread the profit out. Diolch.

I thank the Minister.

Item 5 this afternoon is a statement by the Minister for Rural Affairs and North Wales, and Trefnydd on avian flu. I call on the Minister, Lesley Griffiths, to make the statement.

Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. Over the last 12 months, we have witnessed the most severe outbreak of avian influenza in Wales and across Great Britain. This has been the largest outbreak of an exotic notifiable disease in animals since the catastrophic outbreak of foot and mouth disease in 2001. Great Britain is not alone in this. This strain of AI is affecting birds in most of Europe, and parts of Asia and North America.

The current outbreak has been unique in its nature. Previously, AI occurred only in some winters, as a result of carriage by winter migrant wildfowl. When those birds left our shores, the disease did also. This year, we have seen the H5N1 strain spread to some resident wild birds, causing devastation to some sea bird colonies, resulting in the infection persisting over the summer, and we are now seeing outbreaks in domestic birds this autumn.

As always, we've taken a science-led approach to containing this severe incursion of disease, with the scientific knowledge developing as the outbreak evolves. In response to the changing pattern of disease threat, we have continued surveillance of AI in wild birds and maintained the trigger points for investigation of dead wild birds in Wales, despite obvious resource pressures to increase that threshold.

We've worked across Government, agencies and stakeholder groups to enable publication of the joint mitigation strategy for wild birds for England and Wales. This strategy sets out practical guidance for land managers, members of the public and ornithological and environmental organisations, in response to the threat of AI to wild birds.

Of course, disease does not respect borders and, throughout this outbreak, we've worked closely with counterparts in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Scottish Government to lead a coherent and joined-up response to tackling AI, whilst responding to the world-class scientific evidence and advice provided by the Animal and Plant Health Agency.

The threat of AI to both kept and wild birds is reviewed weekly. In response to increased risk levels, the Chief Veterinary Officer for Wales declared an all-Wales AI prevention zone on 17 October 2022. The AIPZ requires all bird keepers, regardless of the number of birds kept, to adopt simple but essential biosecurity measures to keep their birds safe from infection. This year, we have tightened up these measures and included a new requirement to keep kept birds off land known to be frequented by wild waterfowl or contaminated with their droppings. The experience of so many outbreaks of AI in the past year has taught us how infection is being spread to kept birds. Our AIPZ measures are designed to close off these routes of spread and they must be applied rigorously by all keepers. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank keepers across Wales who are adhering to the biosecurity measures we've already implemented in Wales to protect their birds. Your efforts have resulted in Wales having only two reported cases of AI since October 2022.

Yesterday, mandatory housing of birds came into force in England. Wales, along with Scotland and Northern Ireland, has not introduced a similar requirement. This reflects both the different scale and nature of AI across different parts of the UK. Fortunately, in Wales, we have not seen anything like the number of outbreaks in England, which would be required to justify any such housing order. Furthermore, the scientific advice of my interim chief veterinary officer is that, for Wales, the biosecurity requirements of our AIPZ are currently appropriate and sufficient to contain the AI threat. However, we keep the situation under daily review and stand ready to do what is necessary to protect our birds and the livelihoods and well-being of those who keep and care for them. My decision on whether or not to mandate the housing of birds in Wales will be based on scientific evidence and veterinary advice, and will balance potential protective effects against the potential harms of housing birds that would otherwise have been allowed outside.

In March 2021, in consultation with the industry, we introduced amendments to legislation to allow for the use of reusable and sustainable egg packaging for the movement of eggs during AI outbreaks, as well as changes to movement requirements to ensure the welfare of birds. We have facilitated over 3,000 licence applications, ensuring that movements of birds and their products from higher risk zones could happen safely and with minimal risk to disease spread.

I would like to thank the poultry industry in Wales, and all those who keep birds, for their continued engagement and constructive advice in the fight to control this terrible disease. I would also like to thank our vets, public authorities and bird keeping and show societies across Wales. You have all played a key part in protecting birds across Wales.

Finally, I would like to say a few words about the wider significance of AI to our society. The H5N1 strain we are currently battling causes severe disease only in some species of birds. Most of our common garden birds currently seem to be resistant to infection and not involved in spread, so it is safe and desirable to continue to feed them in our gardens this winter. The risk to human health from this strain is very low and poultry produce is safe to eat. Nevertheless, all caution should be taken to avoid or reduce contact with potentially infected birds. I would like to commend the excellent work of Public Health Wales in working closely with my officials to ensure the risk to people remains very low. As we move into the winter season, it is imperative we continue to work constructively together to protect our birds from an unprecedented incursion of disease through rigorously following simple biosecurity measures. Diolch.

I'm grateful to the Minister for giving me advance sight of this afternoon's statement, especially as she's had a very busy day on the front bench. This strain of bird flu, H5N1, is rightly a matter of serious concern. Indeed, we are witnessing infections right across our bird populations, from wild to kept birds. This disease does not respect borders, nor does it adhere to many conventional methods of biosecurity. So, our efforts to tackle this virus must be targeted, pre-emptive and proactive in response. And whilst I'm grateful to the Minister for setting our this Welsh Government's epidemic action plan, I am concerned that, at present, it doesn't go far enough in both biosecurity measures and support for the poultry industry.

Over the last year, we have witnessed how the epidemic has infiltrated the wild bird population to then transition over to commercial flocks. Indeed, as you highlighted in your statement, Minister, this disease is prevalent in a large number of commercial premises across both the United Kingdom and here in Wales too. So, our response to this epidemic must be pre-emptive and, most vitally, I believe, cross-border. This disease is not isolated within individual premises, nor does it adhere to partitions or boundaries, so I struggle to see why we haven't brought our biosecurity measures in line with those of England.

Across the border, and under the advice of England's chief veterinary officer, every poultry site has been instructed to house all poultry and captive birds as designated by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, yet in Wales this pre-emptive measure has yet to be implemented. Our failure to do so not only risks greater transmissibility between wild and commercial populations, but it also has much wider ramifications for the industry as a whole.

Take, for example, the packaging of Welsh eggs, a large quantity of which is processed in England. Due to the England-only housing order, all eggs packaged in England must be classified as barn eggs to reflect existing H5N1 biosecurity measures, yet there is much concern here in Wales that current free-range Welsh eggs, which are then packaged in England, are, effectively, being downgraded to meet the requirements of English egg-marketing regulations, partly, in fact, due to the lack of packaging facilities here in Wales too. So, a Wales-wide housing order would not only reduce the risk of H5N1 transmission, but it would also establish parity between English and Welsh poultry markets, ensuring that both disease-control regulations and egg-marketing requirements are working in unison to safeguard supply.

Further to this, you touched upon the prevalence of H5N1 within wild bird populations and how, in acting as carriers, species such as ducks, geese, starlings and gulls are increasing the transmission amongst poultry populations. As it stands, a large number of positive commercial sites have been identified in areas of close proximity to the coastline. As we enter these winter months, native wild bird populations are going to move inland to withstand some of the harsher Welsh weather. As a consequence of this, areas that are susceptible to the spread of the disease will, undoubtedly, increase, putting more premises at risk. Should we introduce a Wales-wide housing order, we could pre-empt this response and give the poultry industry adequate time to prepare for any changes in regulation. So, given the industry's demand for this, can I urge you to, please, reconsider the position and take the necessary pre-emptive action that is required to ensure that we're ahead of the curve and mitigating the risk of a full-scale, Wales-wide outbreak?

Thank you very much for those questions. Clearly, you are going against the scientific advice and the advice I'm given by my chief veterinary officer in relation to mandatory housing, and I set out, I thought very clearly, in my oral statement the reasons why we have not followed England. You don't seem to ask why England haven't followed us, but the reason we have not followed England is because the advice I am given is that we shouldn't be introducing a compulsory housing order for poultry and captive birds in Wales at this time.

I can tell you that I do review it, and we will be reviewing it every day. So, it's not a matter of reconsidering; that review is done on a daily basis. The chief veterinary officer works, obviously, with other chief veterinary officers across the country, and I have to say that since compulsory housing was introduced in some parts of England—I think it was Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex—they've had 34 infected premises confirmed just in those areas, collectively, even though there was a mandatory housing order. So, it just reiterates to me, and I hope to everybody else, how important biosecurity is; that is the biggest thing in this fight against avian influenza. In that time, we've had two infected premises in Wales, so you can see, when we're operating without a housing order, the difference in the number of cases.

You mentioned free-range eggs, and obviously that is an issue that we have to take into consideration. We think that the current outbreak is likely to continue until spring next year, so this is something that you don’t take lightly. I’ve taken the decision to bring in mandatory housing in previous years, but I can only go on the scientific evidence that I am given and the advice I am given by the interim chief veterinary officer, and at this current time, he is telling me that it’s not necessary. Tomorrow it might be different, next week might be different, but please be assured that we are reviewing it on a daily basis.

But I would like to reiterate what I was saying: excellent levels of biosecurity remain the most effective protection against an incursion of avian flu. We had a new case just last night, as you may have picked up, and the chief veterinary officer had to declare another infected premises. That was the second one, and when I asked the reasons why we think that is there, there was evidence of contact with wild birds, so I reiterate the biosecurity message. It's not a matter of doing things differently, and I don’t want people to think that. We all take our evidence and advice from our chief veterinary officers.

You make a really good point around informing people, and one of the things that I was very keen to do, probably about five years ago now, was to try and encourage more people to register if they kept birds. At the time, and I think it might still be the case, you only had to register if you had 50 birds, but we encouraged everybody, even if you only had one or two or three or four chickens, to register, so that we knew where those birds were, because it’s very easy nowadays, isn’t it, just to drop an e-mail, and we were able to write to everybody on that register. From a comms point of view, social media, I’m sure you’ve picked up on Twitter, every day we seem to be putting out messages around avian influenza, but it is really important, and having this statement today is obviously another way of being able to inform the public.

Thank you for the statement, Minister. Well, bird flu has been worrying the sector for some time now, and like COVID, it seems that Wales is lagging behind England by a few weeks. Following the announcement of the cases discovered in Flintshire yesterday, and the 3 km control area that has been imposed, bird farmers are naturally concerned that stricter measures will be introduced with biosecurity recording, vehicle cleaning, and larger protection areas being introduced. Those are the concerns at present.

Any decision made by the Welsh Government, whether following England’s lead or ploughing its own furrow, will have an impact on this sector that will lead to additional costs due to monitoring and cleaning—time and material costs. So, beyond the guidelines introduced by the Government, what support will the Government offer to the sector to help them cope with these additional costs?

Some experts have mentioned that the current bird flu outbreak could have the same impact on the game shooting sector as foot-and-mouth disease had on the agricultural sector at the turn of the century. The sector will face significantly higher costs and it could have an impact on the animal food supply chain as well. You’ll know that people travel a long way to shoot game here in Wales, and we’re in the middle of the shooting season now. I do note that you have published a mitigation strategy for bird flu in wild birds in England and Wales. Could you confirm that this strategy includes requirements on shooters who travel for miles to come to shoot game here, requirements including the cleaning of vehicles, shoes and the other hygiene measures that they need to undertake before arriving to take part in a shoot here?

If there is confirmation of bird flu in any flock, then the likelihood is we will see the birds culled and the owners will be compensated for any healthy birds that will have to be culled in accordance with the value of the bird before it’s culled. There will also be a responsibility on owners to ensure that secondary cleaning takes place, and failure to do this will have a significant impact on the international trade in poultry, eggs and breeding hens. So, what assessment has the Government made of the impact of bird flu on the risk to food security here in Wales, and international trade?

A spokesperson on behalf of the Government recently said,

'Having analysed the available scientific evidence, we are not introducing mandatory housing of poultry in Wales at this time',

as you've already mentioned. Now, following today's statement, I would like to hear more information about the risk to the public posed by this flu. Last week, for example, we heard about two poultry farm workers from Spain who tested positive for bird flu. Since 2003, there have been 868 cases of people getting bird flu and 456 deaths in 21 countries, according to the World Health Organization. In light of the increase in cases of people getting bird flu, what assessment has the Government made of the risk to the public? Thank you very much.

Diolch. I'll start with the questions around public health risk, because obviously I hadn't been asked those questions before, and it is good to be able to reiterate that the UK Health Security Agency's advice is that the risk to public health from this virus is very low, and the UK Food Standards Agency's advice is that AI poses a very low food-safety risk for UK consumers. Properly cooked poultry and poultry products, and that obviously includes eggs, are safe to eat. No bird-to-human transmission of AI either—. Well, it's very, very rare, but we certainly haven't seen any cases here. Over many years, we've only seen it a very, very small number of times across the UK. So, just to reiterate, the risk to the wider public from AI continues to be very low, but I would like to say that no-one should pick up or touch a sick or dead bird. Instead, just report that to the Animal and Plant Health Agency.

I certainly won't be following England's lead, as you put it, as I said in my answers to Sam Kurtz. What I do is listen to my chief veterinary officer, just as the Scottish Minister listens to hers, and obviously the UK Government Minister listens to hers also. And the advice I've been given at the moment is that mandatory housing is not required at the current time. That might change, particularly if we do see cases of AI into the spring, which we certainly think we may have. We have had no let-up this year. It normally starts around October, as I said in my opening statement, when we see these migrating birds, and, unfortunately, I think we've had cases across the UK, predominantly in England, every month for the past year. When I referred to two cases since October, you might wonder why I said that, but that's how the counting starts; the counting starts on 1 October. So, we're now into the second year, if you like, of the outbreak that we've unfortunately had.

So, as I said in my earlier answers, this is reviewed on a daily basis, and the mandatory housing, if we believe it is necessary, I will certainly not hesitate. I've done it before; it's not an issue of not wanting to do it. We do it when the chief veterinary officer and the scientific advice that he has tells us that we should do it.

I thank the Trefnydd.

Item 6 this afternoon is the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022. I call on the Minister for Climate Change to move the motion. Julie James.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. These regulations are part of the final set of statutory instruments I am laying as we move towards implementation of the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 on 1 December. The statutory instruments, including the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022 that we are voting on today, are essential to the operation of the 2016 Act.

As I have said previously, the Act will transform the renting of homes in Wales. It will significantly improve the rights and security of tenants, and create a much clearer legal framework for landlords. Implementation of the Act is also a commitment in the co-operation agreement with Plaid Cymru.

I am grateful to the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee for reporting on these regulations, and also for the minor drafting points raised. The Welsh Government has responded to the formal reporting points and, where possible, the minor drafting points will be corrected on making, to ensure that the law is accessible and clear to the reader. None of these change the meaning of the draft regulations that Members are being asked to approve today.

The regulations make amendments to other primary legislation in consequence of the provisions of the 2016 Act. Generally, these amendments ensure that existing provision in primary legislation continues to have appropriate effect, either by referencing the relevant occupation contracts alongside references to existing types of tenancies, or by replacing existing terminology with the terminology used in the 2016 Act. The regulations therefore ensure that existing provisions are adjusted, to work in combination with the provisions of the 2016 Act or, where the existing law is incompatible with that set out in the 2016 Act, by disapplying that law. These amendments are necessary to implement the 2016 Act, provide coherence and clarity and ensure consistency of the law. I ask Members to approve the regulations. Diolch.

I call on a member of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee, Alun Davies.

I'm grateful to you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I'm speaking this afternoon on behalf of the committee. We considered the regulations during our meeting yesterday. As the Minister outlined, we reported immediately afterwards.

The Minister has already outlined that these regulations form part of the suite of subordinate legislation required to support the implementation of the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016, and I think we all very much welcome the way in which the Minister has brought forward these regulations. She will be aware, and Members will be aware, that we have reported on two previous versions of these regulations. The first version was laid before the Senedd on 21 June and subsequently withdrawn, following the report of our committee. An amended version was then laid on 15 July, before being withdrawn in October, again following the report of our committee. The further amended version is the subject of today’s consideration. The Minister has, on each occasion, gone away and taken on board our comments before bringing back revised versions, and we're grateful to her for that.

Our report on the version of the regulations being considered this afternoon contains two technical points and two merits points. In brief, Deputy Presiding Officer, as regards our merits reporting points, various parts of the regulations come into force once provisions in the Housing and Planning Act 2016 come into force. Neither the explanatory memorandum nor the explanatory notes give any indication as to when these provisions are expected to be brought into force. We made this point previously when we reported on the earlier drafts of these regulations. In its response to us in July, the Welsh Government told us that it does not have any information about when the relevant provisions of the Housing and Planning Act will be brought into force. Our second merits point highlighted that no consultation had been carried out in relation to these regulations.

Moving on to the technical reporting points, Deputy Presiding Officer, our first technical point sought clarification as regards the intention of the drafting in regulation 32 in the way it amends the Energy Act 2011. I thank the Minister for providing that clarification to us ahead of our consideration of the regulations yesterday, so that it could be included in our report, which has been laid before the Senedd.

Our second technical point highlights the drafting that appears to be defective. To give some context to our concern, it relates to how these regulations interplay with the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993 and the Housing (Wales) Act 2014. I will seek Members' patience in attempting to outline our concerns here. In our report on an earlier draft of these regulations, we noted that regulation 34(2) included a reference to 'the tenant’s share', but that it appeared that the text should read 'the tenant’s total share', because 'total share' is a defined term in section 7(7) of the leasehold reform Act. Later in the regulations, at regulation 35(4)(a)(iii), 'the tenant's total share' is used. The Welsh Government has disagreed with us and said that the current drafting reflects the wording in the definition of 'domestic tenancy' set out in section 2 of the 2014 housing Act. The definition of 'domestic tenancy' in section 2 of that Act includes a reference to

I refer Members to the declaration of my own interest in terms of property ownership.

As the explanatory memorandum states, these amendments are necessary to implement the 2016 Act, to provide coherence and clarity, and to ensure consistency of the law. It is noted, however, that no formal consultation has taken place, as these regulations make only consequential technical amendments. Similarly, it is stated that no regulatory impact assessment has been produced to accompany the regulations. I acknowledge that the regulations are not expected to alter policy, but we now know that the impact of the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 is severe and having several unintended consequences. We know from the National Residential Landlords Association that 26.8 per cent of landlords in Wales have sold property in the last 12 months, 49 per cent of landlords are planning to sell a property in the next 12 months, and landlord repossessions have been steadily increasing in Wales over the past year up to 150 in quarter 2 of 2022 compared to 78 in quarter 4 of 2021. It's obvious that regulations placed on landlords are now forcing them out of this commodity, and that is now, in effect, certainly in my constituency, placing more people in temporary accommodation on housing waiting lists.

Many aspects of legislation that landlords currently operate under are changing drastically, from extended no-fault notice periods, extended succession rights, joint contracts and changes to their rights around abandoned properties. Currently, even with the two months requirement to give notice, constituents are approaching me where they've been advised by other agencies to stay put, even after landlords have taken them to court. For a two-month notice period, it can take four to five months. With a six-month eviction notice, with having then to go to court and then having to go again to court to get the bailiffs, we could be looking at landlords having 12 months with that property with no rent coming in. In some cases, there's damage to properties while people are being evicted. It is quite wrong.

What this legislation represents is a large-scale change to the entire property rental market. Those working in the housing sector are making it clear to me that there is a huge increase in section 21 notices being issued ahead of this legislation coming into force. This, again, has been proven out by the number of constituents now sadly, desperately, coming in to me and saying, 'My landlord has given me notice to quit'. We've got 1,900 waiting in Conwy county borough for a roof above their head, and this just adds to the agonising situation. To be clear, this Act is resulting in more people losing their homes, more landlords pulling out of the rental sector, and more people becoming homeless. The figures are there; the statistics are there.

The Minister for Climate Change to reply.

Diolch, Llywydd. I commend these Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022 to the Senedd and ask Members to support them so we can implement the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 in December. [Interruption.] Perhaps if you ever listen to anything I said, Janet, you would understand—

Let's listen to the Minister.

Sorry, Llywydd, I beg your pardon.

No, no, you don't need to beg my pardon. Other people in the Chamber need to ask for that. You carry on, Minister.

As I was saying, Janet, perhaps if you ever listen to anything I said, as opposed to reading out your pre-ordained speech, you would know that voting against these regulations will not stop the implementation of the Act—it will simply mean that the Act doesn't work as intended. So, that's an idiocy, quite frankly. If you were successful in stopping these regulations going through, you'd not stop the Act being implemented—you would simply stop it operating in the most efficient way possible.

The various things that you quote, I have to say, are a misrepresentation of what the Act actually says. If you have tenant who has damaged property, then, obviously, they aren't subject to the extended no-fault evictions—you can evict them for damaging the property. If you have a tenant who hasn't paid rent, they are not subject to no-fault eviction—you can evict them for not paying rent. What you're saying is an absolute nonsense, just to be clear.

Turning to the rather more practical, albeit very technical, comments made my colleague Alun Davies, just to be very clear, Alun, that we absolutely appreciate the work that's been done by the committee and the speed with which you've done it. And just to reiterate that to the extent possible, without making substantive changes to the version of the SI that has been laid before the Senedd, the draft SI has been adjusted to deal with the technical points that you raised. So, just to be clear, it will be corrected upon the making of the regulations.

In the light of that, Llywydd, I commend these regulations to the Senedd.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? [Objection.] There is objection. I will, therefore, defer voting under this item until voting time.

The next item is item 7, the Land Transaction Tax (Tax Bands and Tax Rates) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2022. I call on the Minister for finance to move the motion. Rebecca Evans.

Diolch, Llywydd. I'm grateful to the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee and the Finance Committee for their reports. The regulations the Senedd is considering today are subject to the made affirmative procedure. In this case they came into force on 10 October, but, to have permanent effect, they must receive the Senedd's approval today.

On 27 September I set out the changes I'd be making to the land transaction rates and bands. These changes came into force on 10 October. If the UK Government had chosen to share its plans with us earlier, we might have been able to make these changes on the same day that they were announced, or even on the day of the UK's now infamous mini-budget. However, the UK Government's refusal to share information with us meant we were not able to respond as quickly as we would have liked, and homebuyers in Wales had to wait a few weeks to benefit from the changes that we made to LTT rates.

As I said in Plenary on 27 September, I was already considering changes to LTT rates and bands to reflect the increase in residential property prices that we've experienced, especially over the last two years. I had planned to make changes when we publish our draft budget in December, but I've brought forward those changes to give homebuyers and the housing market certainty.

The changes to LTT mean that the starting threshold has increased to £225,000—equivalent to a 25 per cent uplift. The effect of this now is that 60 per cent of residential property in Wales is below the new threshold, including many homes acquired by first-time buyers. This means that just under half of residential property transactions will pay no tax, and that's a higher proportion than in England. The rate of tax charged on the new first tax band has increased from 5 per cent to 6 per cent, and this means that homebuyers buying a home costing less than £345,000 will see a tax reduction of up to £1,575. For those properties costing more than that amount, there is a maximum increase in tax payable of £550, which will affect around 15 per cent of residential property purchases.

Transitional rules enable those taxpayers who had exchanged contracts before 10 October to pay the old rates, where that is beneficial. Crucially, and unlike the UK Government, tax reductions were not provided to those liable to the higher residential rates of LTT, including those buying second homes, short-term holiday lets, or buy-to-let properties. The changes are forecast to cost £29 million in total for this year and the following two years combined. The net impact on the Welsh budget, due to the block grant adjustment provided by the changes to stamp duty land tax, is to increase our resources over that period by £45 million. I could have used the full amount of the block grant adjustment to further reduce the amount of tax collected. However, we are in a time of considerable economic uncertainty, including possible property price falls. It is also a time of incredible pressure on Government spending. I wanted to use this additional capacity for our spending commitments rather than providing tax reductions to some of our citizens who are most able to pay, and I ask Members to approve these regulations.

The Welsh Conservative group will be abstaining on these regulations. We are, of course, supportive of any measures to help hard-working people to buy their own home, particularly during these more difficult times, so I generally do welcome the steps that the Welsh Government have taken today. However, as is the group's long-standing position, we believe that the land transaction tax threshold could be increased further. We believe that there is a need for us to provide additional support in Wales at the present time, as house prices continue to be very high. According to the Principality Building Society, the average house price in Wales hit a record high in the third quarter of this year to just over £245,000. This was an annual rise of over 12 per cent. Here in Cardiff, for example, the average price is almost £300,000. So, increasing the point at which people pay land transaction tax could be brought more in line with the average house price, say around £250,000, to provide relief to more people, as well as recognising increasing house prices in Wales at the present moment.

Although outside of the regulations, I do believe that we could be more creative when it comes to using land transaction tax to help rather than hinder home owners, such as by reducing or abolishing the rate for first-time buyers and offering a discount to home owners who make energy improvements to the property. Thank you, Llywydd.

We will be supporting these regulations. We feel that they are acceptable rates. It's quite right that Welsh needs are reflected in this way, very different to other parts of the UK, of course. That's the purpose of devolution. It is disappointing, as the Minister highlighted, that there hasn't been co-operation from the side of the UK Government in preparing for these changes. It raises the question whether we will face doing this again after 17 November. Perhaps the Minister can tell us if there have been any discussions that have happened or will happen in the context of what will be announced by the Chancellor in Westminster on that day.

We of course welcome the fact that there are higher rates for certain types of properties. We also acknowledge, of course, that raising the threshold, as the Conservative spokesperson mentioned, is something that we would all like to see happening, but there is a balance that needs to be struck between protecting sources of revenue, particularly in the context of the cuts coming from Westminster. You can't have your cake and eat it—I'm not clear if it works in Welsh, but I'm sure that you're getting the gist.

The only other point that I would make, of course, is to look at the bigger picture. Suggestions have been made on making more creative use of the land transaction tax in trying to encourage the delivery of policy here too. I'm thinking specifically of the suggestion that there should be reductions on this tax on properties that are either improved in terms of being energy efficient before their sale, or perhaps in the year or two after their sale, and that individuals who deliver that could be given some kind of repayment or reduction, because that's the time, of course, when people do invest in works on their homes, and I do think that this tax could work harder in encouraging people to retrofit their homes, and, of course, there would be recognition of that in that the tax was used to encourage it. Thank you.

And now the Minister for finance to reply to those comments—Rebecca Evans.

Thank you. I'm grateful to both Peter Fox and Llyr Gruffydd for their comments this afternoon. And in terms of the first contribution, the changes to LTT do mean now that the starting rate is increased to £225,000, and as I say, that's equivalent to a 25 per cent uplift on the previous level, and that does more than make up for the increase in property prices that we've seen since we last set those levels. And as I said, the effect now is that 60 per cent of residential property in Wales is below that new threshold, and that does, of course, include many properties acquired by first-time buyers, and just under half of residential property transactions will pay no tax at all, and that, as I mentioned in my opening remarks, is a higher proportion than across the border. I do think that Llyr Gruffydd really hit the nail on the head in the sense that we have to balance between supporting home owners, but also investing in public services, and I think that the regulations before us today do strike that balance quite appropriately.

We haven't had any notification, as you would imagine, in terms of what might be in store for us on 17 November, when the Chancellor makes his next statement. But there's absolutely no reason why the UK Government couldn't be sharing, in confidence, at least, their thinking with us. We were in a very fortunate position in terms of being able to respond quickly, because over the summer, we had been doing a great deal of modelling and costing of policy options in advance of potentially making changes alongside the draft budget. So, in that sense, the work was done and so we were in a good position to respond very quickly. But it did mean that we couldn't respond on the day, and make those announcements and make those benefits available to people immediately, and I know that, inevitably, there's some frustration then for people who are caught in that period between, although we did put those transitional arrangements in place for people who had completed, to try and be fair to those people.

In terms of the other ways in which we can use land transaction tax, we're always thinking about what more we could be doing with that tax. Ultimately, LTT is one of the taxes for which its main purpose is revenue raising, and it does bring in significant amounts of funding to the Welsh Government. But I think it is important also to explore how we can potentially use all of our taxes for behaviour change in that context of climate change, which both colleagues have mentioned. And it's something that I am interested in exploring further as well.

So, thank you to all colleagues for their contributions to the debate. As I say, I think we've got the right balance between providing some reductions to taxes for those buying properties in the lower-to-middle part of our housing market, including most first-time buyers, and then also making sure that we raise additional revenue for essential public services by asking those who are purchasing more expensive properties to pay a little more in tax. And so, I commend the regulations to the Senedd.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? [Objection.] I will defer voting under this item until voting time.

Item 8 is a debate on support for the armed forces community, and I call on the Deputy Minister for Social Partnership to move the motion. Hannah Blythyn.

Diolch, Llywydd. This debate falls in the week leading up to Remembrance Sunday, when, once again, we will pause our daily lives to reflect and remember all who have paid the ultimate sacrifice in past conflicts. We think also of those who have served over the years and those still serving today, their families and their friends.

This year is especially poignant. Remembrance has its focus on past sacrifices made by those from the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, but today, we see terrible bloodshed, loss and distress in Ukraine. Our hearts, our support and our solidarity go out to the people of Ukraine, including those who have made their homes here in Wales. This year is also significant as we remember the fortieth anniversary of the Falklands war. Amongst the all-too-many losses of this short but brutal conflict, we remember the 32 Welsh Guards who lost their lives at Bluff Cove. We remember the many wounded, the traumas suffered and the lives changed forever.

As is right and proper, Welsh Government Ministers will be attending remembrance events across the country, as will many Members of the Senedd. I was able to mark the start of the remembrance period this year by launching the north Wales Royal British Legion poppy appeal in Flint. Slightly further from home, it will be a particular honour for me to join the War Widows Association at the Cenotaph in Whitehall on Saturday for their own particular act of remembrance.

In expressing our gratitude to the armed services across Wales, we do so this year in the aftermath of an extraordinary period in our history, with the passing of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth. The arrangements in respect of this were an all-consuming task, delivered with huge professionalism from the services both on parade and those working behind the scenes. The Queen's passing and increasingly that of her generation, adds to the poignancy felt during the remembrance period, as with each year as we gather to reflect, we do so with fewer of that greatest generation that fought fascism in the second world war. Indeed, the funeral is taking place today of Ted Edwards, the last D-Day veteran, from Wrexham. In paying tribute to Ted, the chair of north Wales district British Legion George Rogers said, 'He'll be sorely missed by all concerned, a true and honourable gentlemen. On behalf of the Royal British Legion north Wales district, we thank you, Ted, for your service to your country.'

We have rightly previously expressed our gratitude here for the support that our armed forces provided to COVID operations in communities across the country. This year, though, has seen the armed services return to more ordinary training and operational activity. As part of this, I had the pleasure of seeing 160th (Welsh) Brigade resume its delivery of Exercise Cambrian Patrol last month. I saw how regular and reserve soldiers worked together to deliver an arduous test of patrolling skills that puts Wales very much on the international map. I also learned about how the army works with cadet forces across Wales, supporting safe training and providing opportunities for young people.

I have selected the amendment to the motion, and I call on Peredur Owen Griffiths to move the amendment, tabled in the name of Siân Gwenllian.

Thank you. I move the amendment in the name of Siân.

It's a pleasure to have the opportunity to take part in this debate again and champion the cause of veterans in Wales. It's a cause that, despite the improvements in rights and services for veterans in recent years, still needs championing. The housing crisis that exists in Wales disproportionately affects our armed forces community. Research from the Royal British Legion has found that working-age adults in the veteran community are more likely to be sick or disabled than other UK adults. This means that already long social housing waiting lists are made even longer when accessible housing is required. This issue was highlighted by ITV News, who reported on army veteran Tom Weaver from Bridgend, who had to wait a decade for a fully accessible property to become available.

The cost-of-living crisis will also disproportionately affect the armed forces community. On average, disabled households face additional costs of around £584 per month—a figure that will only be exacerbated with skyrocketing energy costs and rising inflation. When you add in the high rates of mental health issues and substance use among veterans, there is a clear need to look out for our former armed service personnel.

There's also a clear need to learn from mistakes of the past and to avoid putting armed service personnel in harm's way in unnecessary conflicts. The first world war is largely seen by historians as an unnecessarily—I couldn't say that—as a unnecessary conflict. The price paid by communities the length and breadth of Wales was heavy indeed. The conflict led to Remembrance Day, and a sombre anti-war mood is encapsulated by the classic book All Quiet on the Western Front. The recent film adaptation of this book has been complemented for its realistic portrayal of the brutality of war, but it inevitability falls short of the source material. Written by German novelist Erich Maria Remarque, who was conscripted into the war at the age of 18, it still remains the ultimate anti-war book. Some of the sabre-rattling leaders around the world would do well to read and understand the unflinching and uncompromising message. As Erich himself wrote:

'This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war.'

These quotes should echo through history as a warning to each new generation about war. This is why I urge you to all support our amendment to strive for peaceful resolutions to conflict.

Unfortunately, the vow of 'never again' that followed the first world war was broken after just two decades by the advent of another world war, which killed more people and saw the dawn of a new terror, the atomic bomb. The one silver lining that emerged from the bloody conflict of the second world war was the desire to create a new society in the UK. Those returning soldiers and their families, my grandparents included, put themselves first and elected an ambitious socialist Government that promised to put the neglected, the maligned and the poorest first. This ambition led to the creation of the NHS, rebuilding the economy and a mass house-building programme that was absolutely essential.

Three hundred and thirty-three years after the formation of the first regiments that would later become the Royal Welsh, we commend both this motion and the content of the proposed amendment. In 2022, the Royal British Legion is, in fact, remembering and commemorating military and civilian service. As they state,

'the act of defending and protecting the nation's democratic freedoms and way of life is rarely without cost for those who serve. Physical, mental or emotional injury or trauma; the absence of time with family; or the pressures and dangers that come from serving, highlight why the remembrance of service is so important.'

We also thank active service personnel for their critical work in assisting the emergency services in Wales during the pandemic.

As we heard, 2022 is the fortieth anniversary of the Falklands conflict, the first military action since the second world war that used all elements of the armed forces, with 255 British personnel losing their lives. As we heard, the Welsh Guards lost more than any other unit—33 soldiers and many casualties, mostly onboard the RFA Sir Galahad when it was attacked by Argentinean aircraft.

It's almost 18 years since I first raised the need for traumatised ex-forces personnel to access mental health care and receive priority treatment, after meeting ex-service personnel with service-related mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder, at Tŷ Gwyn in Llandudno, then the only residential respite centre for ex-forces personnel in the UK, whose service had ranged from the Dunkirk retreat to the Falklands. Despite this, it was allowed to close with no alternative provision put in place.

The Welsh Government did eventually launch Veterans' NHS Wales, providing veterans living in Wales with non-residential assessment and psychological treatment for mental health problems, including PTSD. As Veterans' NHS Wales have told me, they're grateful for their additional recurrent funding, which, of course, we had been calling for. I'm told, however, that there is a need for a peer mentor in each local health board, and I hope the Deputy Minister will commit to additional funding so this can be implemented.

I led a short debate here in January 2008—actually after speaking at the legion in Flint on the same subject—supporting the Royal British Legion's Honour the Covenant campaign, concluding that 'this must be fought until it is won', and welcomed the publication of the UK armed forces covenant in May 2011. The Welsh Government and all local authorities in Wales signed the covenant and subscribed to work with partner organisations to uphold its principles, as have health boards, police and businesses since. October’s Welsh Government armed forces covenant report both thanks the armed forces for their support during the pandemic and looks to the future, including the role of the armed forces in supporting Ukraine through training and materials. Last December’s UK Armed Forces Act 2021 enshrines the armed forces covenant in law for the first time to help prevent service personnel and veterans being disadvantaged when accessing essential services like healthcare, education and housing. The UK ‘Armed Forces Covenant and Veterans Annual Report 2021’, published last December, also covers actions taken by the UK Government and the devolved Governments. The Royal British Legion has long been a supporter of the armed forces liaison officer or AFLO posts in Wales, and understands that the Welsh Government has the intention to continue funding these posts across Wales, as we heard. However, they urge the Welsh Government to commit to funding these posts for the long term, so the sector can have more certainty and the AFLOs can continue to provide the level of support currently provided to the armed forces community in Wales.

I’m grateful to you, Presiding Officer, and at the outset of this contribution I’d like to declare an interest, in that I’ve recently joined the board of the Reserve Forces’ and Cadets’ Association for Wales.

I’m grateful to the Minister for opening this debate, and grateful to her also for reminding us that, when we debate and reflect on these matters in November, we reflect on the sacrifice that has been made, maintaining our freedoms and our way of life, but we’re also aware that, this November, we also meet at a time when there is war in Europe. I think it’s something where we all need to come together to not only support the people of Ukraine in their struggle today, but also to reflect that we have put in place the structures and the pillars of peace in Europe over the last 70 years, and, when we seek to take away those pillars, we lose more than we can ever gain.

The reflection that we make in November is something that is deeply held across the whole of our national communities, and it demonstrates that there is more power in a silence than in almost any speech. The collective bowing of the head and the collective silence pay tribute to all of the sacrifices of servicemen and women through and down the years. Communities gather together in every part of this country for a moment in a busy year or a busy day, and they take that time to say ‘thank you’ to everybody who has paid the ultimate sacrifice, but also everybody who has taken part in the struggle to maintain our freedoms and our ways of life.

We did this year, Presiding Officer, as the Minister recalled, remember the sacrifice of those who died in the Falkland islands, and we took time to think about and to remember the conflict that took place there 40 years ago. I'm grateful to the Welsh Government, and I think all of us are, for the way in which they led the commemoration of those events here in Wales, and co-ordinated events in Wales to ensure that people across this country were able to remember that sacrifice, and particularly, of course, the loss of the Welsh Guards, and it's something that stays with all of us who remember that conflict.

But we also, Presiding Officer, will remember the loss of Her Majesty the Queen. Throughout all of our lives, Her Majesty the Queen led us in remembrance, and even though in recent years she wasn't able to lay the wreath in London, in Whitehall, her presence there was a constant reminder of that generation. And, Minister, I reflect on how we're losing the generation who fought in world war two, we're losing the people who bore witness to the sacrifice and the fight against Nazism and fascism, the struggle to free our continent from those evils 70 and 80 years ago. I hope the Minister will reflect as well how we can now take care of those veterans as they approach the twilight of their lives. Let us ensure that there isn't a single world war two veteran in this country who doesn't go without the care and treatment that they will need in these years.

Can I also thank the Minister for bringing this debate forward today? It is a privilege to work alongside her and Welsh Government officials, and the other organisations that are represented on the armed forces expert group. And it's a privilege also to chair the cross-party group on the armed forces and cadets here in the Senedd. I too need to put on record the fact that I must declare that I am also a member of the board of the Reserve Forces and Cadets Association for Wales, in taking time to make this short speech.

Like many in this Chamber, I will be laying a wreath at a local cenotaph in my constituency on Sunday, remembering those who've paid the ultimate sacrifice, and indeed those who survived wars but still paid a very heavy price, and their families, in the communities that I represent this weekend. And we're all very proud, aren't we, in this Chamber to support our armed forces because we know that they are such an important part of the local communities that we represent. From Valley, to Brecon, to Cardiff, serving personnel and their families really are the fabric of our communities, and we've got Welshmen and women who serve in our armed forces literally across the globe at any one time.

We know that our armed forces have been critical to the defence of Ukraine. Whilst not on the ground in Ukraine or flying in the air over Ukraine or in the sea immediately adjacent to Ukraine, they, alongside our intelligence services, are a very important part of preparing people for the battles that are taking place right now in that nation. And, indeed, the 160th (Welsh) Brigade was taking part in exercises, and the Royal Welsh was taking part in exercises in Estonia, with other NATO allies, in order to support the NATO alliance and make sure that it's as strong as possible, given the greater threats that we now see in the world, unfortunately, as a result of Russian aggression.

And I want to pay tribute today, Llywydd, as well to the three heads of the armed forces that we have here in Wales, who I think do an absolutely sterling job of engaging with the Welsh and UK Governments, and, indeed, Members of this Senedd: Brigadier Jock Fraser, Royal Marines, naval regional commander for Wales; Air Commodore Adrian Williams, air officer for Wales; and Brigadier Andrew Dawes, who's been the head of the army in Wales for the past three years and is going to soon be moving on from his position at 160th (Welsh) Brigade in Brecon to the warmer climate of Cyprus, which I'm sure he's very pleased about. They've each been a spectacular support for the armed forces community. They've done a wonderful job in terms of the way that they've engaged, and if you think about the challenges that we have had and seen over recent years, with the pandemic, with the commemorative agenda that we've had, and then, of course, with the death of the sovereign, I think that they really have stepped up to the plate and delivered in a dignified way for all of us in this Chamber and, indeed, for the people of Wales.

Can I thank the Minister for bringing forward and leading this debate on behalf of the Welsh Government, and also for her personal commitment and long-standing commitment to the armed forces community?

Not a month goes by without a reminder of what we owe those who have served and who serve currently in our armed forces. The service they gave through COVID, the support they give whenever crises hit, and, of course, we remember every single year about the freedoms they have and continue to reserve. When we see the rise of fascism elsewhere in the world and the unprovoked invasion of Ukraine and the illegal acts of war there, we remember, don't we, that the world can be an extremely dangerous place. Those moments inevitably draw us to our memories, to all those occasions when UK forces have been called upon to protect all of our freedoms. We must remember that many did not return, that many were badly injured, and, of course, at this time of year, we pause to remember and reflect; we wear a poppy, and we importantly keep the history alive.

Llywydd, I would like to take the opportunity in this debate this afternoon to remember all of those from my community in Alyn and Deeside in particular, and to thank all of those who work with the Royal British Legion to go on and sell poppies, to raise money, and to organise events of remembrance and reflection. This weekend, on both Remembrance Day and Remembrance Sunday, I will be laying my own wreath and paying my own personal tributes across Alyn and Deeside, and I do that as a proud honorary member of the Royal Welch Fusiliers Comrades Association, Shotton and Deeside branch.

Presiding Officer, I'm grateful to members of the armed forces, in particular the Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force and the UK army, who have allowed me and other Members of this Senedd Chamber not only to engage with them through meetings and the various engagement events that we have as a cross-party group, but in particular by spending time with us at their training facilities, just giving us a small glimpse of the stresses and strains they go through daily to protect us all and to serve on our behalf. I do pay tribute to the chair, Darren Millar, and the vice-chair, Alun Davies, for their commitment and continued commitment to that.

Llywydd, in closing, I want to thank all those who serve, who have served, and their families for allowing them to do so. We owe them everything. I also pay tribute to those who will go on to serve, to continue to protect our freedoms. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember them.

I'm grateful for the opportunity to contribute to this debate. My constituency of Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire has a proud military history dating back over centuries. The town of Pembroke Dock has been home to all three constituent parts of our armed forces. For 113 years, from 1815, it housed a royal dockyard that built five royal yachts and 263 Royal Navy ships. For 120 years in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it was also a garrison town that accommodated regiments from across the services, and for close to 30 years, in the first half of the twentieth century, it was a base for the RAF, and, at one point, was the largest operational base for flying boats in the world—home to the Sunderland. My constituency is also home to the Castlemartin training area, one of only two armoured vehicle training ranges in the United Kingdom; the Pendine firing range; and the Manorbier air defence range—vital sites in ensuring that our armed forces are trained to the highest calibre for the time when they are called up to active service.

With such a strong armed forces presence, my constituency is also home to a number of veterans.—veterans such as Barry John MBE, founder of the VC Gallery, which helps service veterans and those in the wider community by getting them engaged in a variety of art projects. And as we've heard this afternoon, earlier this year we welcomed Pembrokeshire's own Colonel James Phillips as the Veterans' Commissioner for Wales, who is already having a positive impact in supporting our veteran community.

This year has been a perfect example of the important role that our armed forces play both in areas of conflict around the world and also in peacetime and ceremonial duties at home: their role in supporting and training Ukrainian forces prior to and following Russia's invasion, and I also commend the armed forces for their professionalism and the precise execution of their duties in the sombre ceremony that followed the late Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's death.

I'm sure other Members, like myself, have close relatives or friends who have served or continue to serve. Remembrance Day provides us with an opportunity to say thank you: a thank you to them and to those who have laid down their lives in defence of our nation.

In closing, it would be remiss not to recognise the fantastic role that the Royal British Legion play in supporting past and present military personnel and their families. It is not just the commemoration on Remembrance Sunday and the selling of poppies, but also the help that they give to veterans, young and old, transitioning into civilian life. We are a better society for the selfless work the legion undertakes. As someone with relatives who fought on both sides of the second world war divide, when I lay my poppy wreath in the constituency on Sunday, I will take a private moment to think of them and all those who died and suffer during times of conflict. Diolch.

We owe an unmeasurable level of debt to the sacrifices made by our armed forces who safeguarded our future and continue to do so. Quite rightly, as has been said today, we reflect on those soldiers and their families who are fighting to protect the rights of the Ukrainian people, and our thoughts go out to them in Europe as well.

In the days leading up to Remembrance Day we have that opportunity to reflect on the vast contributions made by our armed forces personnel, and it's right that that altruism is preserved for all future generations. As Mark Isherwood stated, Wales in particular has an incredibly long and deep relationship with our armed forces family—it's been more than 300 years since the formation of the first regiment in 1689. As we know, it went on to become the Royal Welsh, making it our oldest and most decorated military regiment. No matter the conflict or situation, as we have seen throughout history, from world war one and two, the Falklands, Iraq, Afghanistan, and in many natural disasters, our servicemen and servicewomen always rise to the biggest challenges of the day, with many having also paid the ultimate sacrifice for our freedom.

Sadly, some of the sacrifices made come at a dreadful cost. We have veterans, as we've heard today already, who bear the physical and mental scars of active service, and they will always be in our thoughts. It is disappointing that we have veterans still who are living with these haunting demons that post-traumatic stress disorder brings. But, fortunately, there are organisations, including the British legion and many others, that provide first-class help and assistance to those most in need. Despite these organisations, though, there are still veterans in society who still require specialist support. Therefore, it's incumbent on us as elected representatives to use all levers within our grasp to find ways to support them. That's why I warmly welcome the Welsh Government's continued commitment to honouring the armed forces covenant, where significant progress has been made in helping our armed forces community. I also welcome the UK Government's appointment of the Welsh veterans' commissioner, whose role is to improve opportunities for veterans in society. I'm pleased to hear of the Welsh Government's commitment to work with the commissioner.

But more should and must be done. Recently, the armed forces expert group has warned that, currently, veterans right across Wales are experiencing significant challenges in accessing dental and orthodontic care, and this can't be right in this day and age. Problems also continue to fester around the MOD childcare scheme, where there needs to be more sufficient childcare providers to ensure the scheme's effectiveness. It would be good to understand what progress the Government is making to work with the UK Government to fulfil commitments set out in the UK armed forces family strategy. These are problems that can be addressed and should be addressed if we pull together and find a way.

It's a pleasure to take part in this debate today. As we approach Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday, it is always important to reflect on the immense debt of gratitude that we owe our armed forces. A 'thank you' will never be enough to repay those who laid down their lives to ensure that we enjoy the freedoms that we do today. Figures show that there are 3,230 military and civilian personnel based in Wales, with two bases in my own region. The data shows there's an estimated 140,000 military veterans living in Wales, an average of 6 per cent of the population. We all saw the best of our armed forces on show this year at the late Queen's funeral. Over the week of the Queen's passing and funeral, nearly 6,000 UK armed forces members were deployed on ceremonial duties, and didn't they do us proud? They were incredible.

Whilst a county councillor, I was proud to serve on a council that signed up to the armed forces covenant that's already been talked about today. As the then armed forces champion at Monmouthshire County Council, I worked with the fantastic armed forces liaison officer Lisa Rawlings, who has done and is doing an incredible job, ensuring all councils across my region are now gold standard and are doing all they can to support veterans and armed forces children, ensuring vital services and concessions such as veteran discounts and free swimming lessons, and also that we use our covenant fund to support great local projects, as well as doing everything possible to support veterans to lead as normal a life as possible, and as well as providing the mental health support that they need. But as a Senedd, we must and can do a lot more across portfolio responsibilities.

Throughout my time in the role as champion for Monmouthshire County Council, working with people like Lisa Rawlings, I saw just how crucial her work was in this area, and I hope that we do everything we can to make her role and others across Wales permanent. It's absolutely essential going forward, as we can't be in a position where we rely on these people for essential work, yet they don't know if they're going to be employed the following year. So, I was delighted when the Deputy Minister today said that there was going to be continued funding for those roles, which are vital in Wales. The liaison officers have been pivotal in creating the successful initiatives that we now see across Wales. The veterans hub in Caerphilly, run by Kelly Farr and Lisa Rawlings, is having evidenced positive outcomes and is truly a one-stop shop for veterans; similarly in Newport, Monmouth and in other areas of Wales. They are examples of best practice. In my region of Gwent, all five local authorities, as I've said, have achieved gold now on the defence employer recognition scheme, and all five are offering the guaranteed interview scheme for the armed forces community. Great strides have been made.

It is not just for veterans that we see much-needed support now being given, thanks to SSCE, Supporting Service Children in Education in Wales, who work hard to co-ordinate research and compile evidence on the experiences of service children in education and to ensure their needs are well understood. We see this service benefiting children of service personnel and armed forces families. However, the lack of data that we have still on service children in Wales is actually very worrying, and the absolute need to compound this evidence is so that we can support them, the families and the children, in the best way that we can, with their unique needs. So, it's vital, and I hope that our new commission will look to address this and ensure there is up-to-date data on the pupil level annual school census going forward. I'm sure the Minister will agree.

It's a pleasure to take part in this debate this afternoon. I thank the Government for tabling this debate today as we embark on the annual period of remembrance to consider those in the armed forces who have sacrificed so much for so many of the freedoms that we hold dear today.

I'd like to use my short contribution to tell the Senedd about the brilliant work that my local British legion do in my constituency to mark this period of remembrance, and particularly in the town of Rhyl, which bestows a proud military history containing many servicemen and servicewomen who have devoted their lives to protecting our country's interest and defending our way of life.

The list of servicemen and servicewomen is far too long to read out today in the allocated time I'm given, Llywydd, but the local British legion are very active in my area in holding poppy stalls in the White Rose centre, Morrisons, Sainsbury's, Asda and Aldi, offering not only poppies and badges, but also additional items including rubbers, pencil sharpeners, rulers and other stationery items, hand-knitted toppers, dog collars and many more to add to that. While you may see it as a bit silly that I might say that, what it does give is people of all ages and backgrounds the opportunity to engage with the annual fundraiser. It raises awareness amongst all people of the tremendous service that people from the local area have given over the years.

Over the half-term recess, I had the pleasure of volunteering in three sessions in Rhyl, in the White Rose centre, Sainsbury's and Morrisons, and what struck me is not only the tremendous generosity of local people, but also the sheer amount of people who have links to the armed forces, whether that be themselves, a grandfather, dad, uncle, friend or other relative who has served their countries, either in world war one, world war two, the Falklands, Iraq, Afghanistan, or any other battle our country has engaged in for that matter. So, it shows the amount of people who hold this time of year close to their hearts and how deep the armed forces are embedded in all of our communities across Wales and the UK.

I'd like to just quickly reiterate the point I made in the business statement earlier this afternoon, and as mentioned in the debate, about some of the healthcare provisions that are on offer to veterans. I'd like to see the process speeded up for veterans to be considered in the triage system. I know progress has been made, but I would like to see quicker progress on that, so that veterans are indeed getting the right support for their mental and physical health.

In addition to the fantastic poppy stalls in my constituency, there'll be a series of services over the next few days at Rhyl memorial gardens on the promenade to mark Armistice Day on Friday and Remembrance Sunday, as there will be at every memorial site in the Vale of Clwyd and across the country. I'd urge everyone to head down to their local memorial site this weekend and pay their respects to the many men, women and animals who have given their lives so that we can continue to live in freedom and democracy. Thank you.

Firstly, I'd like to thank the Government for bringing forward this debate. For me and for many, this week is the most important week that we have the whole year. It's a time when we can all come together to reflect in silence on the huge human sacrifice that has been given by so many so we can be in this Chamber in peace, freedom and democracy.

My area of Brecon and Radnor is steeped in military history, and I'm proud to represent the home of the British army in Brecon. My constituency not only is the spiritual home of the army in Wales, but it also plays an ongoing role in the defence of the nation through the Infantry Battle School in Brecon, which trains officers and soldiers to meet the operational requirements of the army, but also the Royal Navy training base in Talybont, and also the Royal Air Force training base in Crickhowell. As a result of these connections, remembrance events in my particular part of the world play a huge, huge part in the community and it gives many people the opportunity to pay tribute to fallen soldiers and family members who have made the ultimate sacrifice to keep our nation safe.

Most minds at this time of the year are drawn to the second world war, when British soldiers fought against the evils of Nazi Germany and the axis powers. For a time, the United Kingdom stood alone with the weight of the world on her shoulders. Eventually, fascism was defeated and we remember those brave servicemen and servicewomen of the armed forces who saved the world from tyranny. Of course, there are many other conflicts that we remember and soldiers in modern wars who we commemorate.

As we speak here today, we have veterans of the twenty-first century who have served with great dignity, but who suffer with physical and mental traumas. We rightly remember our glorious dead, but we must also work with our veterans who need our continued support. I commend the work of the Royal British Legion for their work in supporting veterans, and I wear my poppy with pride as a symbol of commemoration for those who have fought and died for our nation, and also for those men and women from Brecon and Radnor and beyond in today's armed forces who serve so honourably, so that we can all go to bed and sleep safe at night. So, I encourage everybody in this Chamber and wider: on Sunday, stop for a moment and think about those people who have given their lives so that we can live in peace. Thank you, Llywydd.

The Deputy Minister for Social Partnership to reply to the debate. Hannah Blythyn.

Diolch, Llywydd. Can I first of all thank Members for their contributions in this debate today, which falls, as we said, in the remembrance period, a time for us all to reflect and recognise those who have served, those who continue to serve and, as we've heard, those who've made the ultimate sacrifice? I think I will struggle very much in the time remaining to refer to each and every point that every Member made, but can I just say that the fact that there were so many contributions is testament to the recognition and service of our armed forces community and veterans by Members from right across this Chamber?

If I first turn to the Plaid Cymru amendment and Peredur's contribution, we very much support that amendment. It's one that, I think, we can all subscribe to, particularly, as you said, in the current, poignant context of the terrible images we're seeing of suffering from Ukraine, and elsewhere in the world for that matter. The awful reality of war is the inevitable suffering of civilians, as well as those who serve in the armed forces. We should all, of course, strive for peace, and our Academi Heddwch, the Peace Academy, which we fund, based in the temple of peace in Cardiff recognises that and builds on that important Welsh tradition, as well as our role and aspirations to be a nation of sanctuary, which is also important, recognising the impact of war on civilians and the role we can play to provide refuge, warmth and hope.

Many Members talked about the need for building on the support that's already there for veterans, and also the challenges that many of our veterans face in common with, perhaps, many members of our communities at the moment, sadly, as the cost-of-living crisis continues to bite. I'm sure that Members should have had this sent around to them, but we've rightly heard reflections of appreciation for the role that the Royal British Legion plays in supporting veterans, and I would very much share that recognition of the role that they play. But the Royal British Legion has recently sent information around about the support that they are providing for veterans, and if Members haven't seen that already, I would urge them to look at their website and to actually share that with their constituents. Obviously, there are many third sector organisations that work with veterans, such as Woody's Lodge and elsewhere, that are making sure that veterans are aware of the benefits and things that they are, rightly, entitled to.

We've heard about the progress made across the years from the Armed Forces Act and the covenant. And Mark Isherwood mentioned the veterans' awards, which I've been very pleased to attend, the past couple of years. It's good to see them going from strength to strength and really paying tribute and recognising how those who have served, our veterans, have gone on to contribute to our communities in very many different ways, making a huge impact and a huge difference.

The proposal is to agree amendment 1. Does any Member object? No. Therefore, amendment 1 is agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

The next proposal is that the motion as amended be agreed. Does any Member object? No, therefore the motion is agreed.

Which brings us to voting time. And unless three Members wish for the bell to be rung, I will move immediately to voting time. The first vote will be on item 6, the Renting Homes (Wales) Act 2016 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2022. I call for a vote on the motion, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 35, no abstentions and 15 against. Therefore, the motion is agreed.

The next vote is on item 7, the Land Transaction Tax (Tax Bands and Tax Rates) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2022. I call for a vote on the motion, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 35, 15 abstentions and none against. Therefore, the motion under item 7 is agreed.

That concludes business for today. Thank you.