Plenary

Okay, we're ready to reconvene and we'll move to questions to the Minister for Rural Affairs and North Wales, and Trefnydd, and the first question is from Mark Isherwood.

Animal health and welfare has clear links across Government, including public health, climate change, economy, and biodiversity. I frequently discuss these cross-cutting areas with Cabinet colleagues. Statements have been issued on our animal welfare plan for Wales and TB strategy, and I have held further discussions on border controls. Ukrainian pet travel has also been an important point of discussion this year.

Diolch. The First Minister's statement on ministerial responsibilities last week stated that you'll take responsibility now for the protection and management of wildlife, although cross-cutting responsibilities with the Minister for Climate Change still include biodiversity and the nature recovery plan.

Speaking at the launch of Gylfinir Cymru's 'A Wales Action Plan for the Recovery of Curlew' last November as the Wales species champion for the curlew, I stated that the review of the wider biodiversity and ecosystem benefits of curlew recovery and applicability to Wales, commissioned by Natural Resources Wales, states that a literature review of 62 scientific papers provided a diverse array of evidence showing that curlew recovery would benefit multiple species, both directly and indirectly, and furthermore underpins our understanding of the curlew as an indicator species.

The Minister for Climate Change pledged at the launch to work with Gylfinir Cymru to ensure that the Welsh Government can finance the action plan and get it up and running. However, although she has committed funding to the nature networks programme, that only covers its protected sites, when the majority of curlew do not nest on protected sites, range widely and therefore need a landscape-scale approach. We now only have nine breeding seasons left to save this iconic indicator species from its projected extinction as a breeding population in Wales. This is now on your watch. How will you therefore work with the Gylfinir Cymru coalition to deliver the emergency intervention required?

Thank you. I'll be very happy to work with the organisation, if they would like to write to me, to seek a meeting. I'm very well aware of the urgency required in relation to the curlew, having obviously been responsible in the previous term of Government. So, if you have a contact there, please do ask them to write to me, or if they hear this, and I will be very happy to meet with them.

Question 2[OQ58441] is withdrawn, so question 3, Peter Fox.

Thank you. We are developing the fishing sector in a variety of ways, including the introduction of a financial assistance scheme. I laid a statutory instrument yesterday to establish this. We provide ongoing support for the development of new markets, both domestic and internationally, and are committed to implementing the joint fisheries statement.

Thank you for that, Minister. That's reassuring. The fishing and angling sector is an important part of the economy in rural Wales. River fishing alone contributes around £20 million a year to the economy, and supports around 700 jobs. On top of that, the additional tourism that our waters pull in provides benefit for local areas.

Fishing is also a popular hobby for many people, getting them outdoors and providing opportunities for socialising. But the sector is under real pressure, such as the recent fishing ban across Wales due to the drought—that's put immense pressure on them. Now, whilst there have been some welcome initiatives to promote the Welsh fishing sector, such as the Fishing in Wales website, former world champion angler Hywel Morgan has recently suggested that there is scope to do more to attract fishers from across the world—for example, using the game fairs and other set-piece shows to grow the sport to new audiences. Minister, how are you working with your Cabinet colleagues to ensure that the fishing and angling sector is front and centre of the Government's strategy to boost tourism and develop the rural economy? And what support are you providing businesses to promote sustainable tourism within the sector to help improve local environments, whilst also growing the angling business? And I'm conscious of your first answer.

Thank you. You're quite right, it's a very popular hobby for many people, and one of the things that we're doing to support it is obviously trying to improve the quality of our rivers, going forward. As you know, Natural Resources Wales do have a duty to maintain, to improve and develop inland and migratory fisheries. So, obviously, we support Natural Resources Wales, and the Minister for Climate Change, obviously, is responsible for NRW. I don't recall having any specific discussions with the Minister responsible for tourism in relation to this area, but I think, from my portfolio point of view, we need to ensure that, the decline that we have seen with some iconic species, we reverse as quickly as possible.

Questions now from the party spokespeople. Conservative spokesperson, Darren Millar.

Diolch, Llywydd. Minister, in your capacity as Minister for north Wales, what discussions have you held with the tourism industry in the region regarding your Government's proposals for a tourism levy?

I haven't held any specific discussions with any areas of the tourism industry in north Wales. I have to say, over the summer, a few of the organisations and businesses that I did meet—I spent time in each local authority area, and they chose who I met with—some people did raise the visitor levy with me. I haven't had any specific discussions, but, obviously, I passed on concerns, and also, I have to say, I did meet with businesses who did approve of what we are proposing to do.

Minister, many people will find it absolutely astonishing, given the importance of the tourism and hospitality industry in north Wales, that you haven't met specifically with businesses in order to discuss this important potential tax on them. Go North Wales represents 15,000 businesses across north Wales, and you'll know that they have expressed a lot of concern. Will you agree to join me at a meeting with Go North Wales, and other representatives of the tourism industry, in order that you can hear from them first-hand about the potential adverse impact of this punitive and unnecessary tax on tourists who stay overnight in Wales, and the impact that it could have on jobs and livelihoods in the region?

They haven't approached me for a meeting. Obviously, businesses perhaps have discussed it with the relevant Minister rather than with me, who's got the overall responsibility for north Wales. As I say, some businesses did raise it with me—both for and against it—and I said I will take their comments back to the Minister for Finance and Local Government. I'd be very happy if Go North Wales want to meet with me, if they approach me; I'd be very happy to do that. I have north Wales days if you like, where I do visits—they tend to be on a Thursday—when I concentrate on specific areas. I'm up in north Wales doing just that tomorrow, so if they do want to approach me to discuss it, I'd be very happy to do so.

You keep saying that you're not the relevant Minister. You are their relevant Minister; you're the Minister for north Wales, and people expect you to be standing up for north Wales around the Cabinet table and engaging with businesses in north Wales when such an important issue arises in their inbox. There are thousands, many thousands, tens of thousands of jobs reliant on the tourism industry and the tourism trade in the region. And let me be clear to you and the Cabinet colleagues who sit around the table: you cannot support a tourism tax and be for the economy in north Wales; you cannot support a tourism tax and support businesses in north Wales; you cannot be for a tourism tax and support jobs in north Wales. I'm afraid that it's the same old story from this Labour Party: pro-tax, anti-growth; pro-tax, anti-business; and pro-tax—and I'm afraid to say so—anti-north Wales. That's what we get from this Government, and it's about time that that story changed. I'm grateful for the opportunity that you have said that you will take to meet with representatives of the tourism industry in north Wales to listen to their views.

One final question, if I may. One of the things that the tourism industry says is a glimmer of hope on the horizon for them in the coming years is the potential of the Clwydian range and Dee valley area of outstanding natural beauty being designated as a national park—something, of course, that I've been raising for more than a decade as something that the Government could do to boost the tourism industry in the region. You're the Minister directly responsible for moving that particular issue forward, yet we've heard very little about the progress that is being made. What assurances can you give us that that is going to be delivered within this Government's term, and can you tell us where you're up to with it?

Thank you. I'll pick up on that point first. As you say, it's just come back into my portfolio last week. I have asked for a meeting with Natural Resources Wales. On the work that the Minister for Climate Change had undertaken with NRW, I know that significant resources have been given in relation to ensuring that we do have that national park. Obviously, it was a manifesto commitment of my party; it's now a programme for government commitment. It's something that the First Minister is very keen to see in this term of Government, and we expect to see it in this term of Government. And I have asked for a meeting, which hasn't taken place as yet, but it is in my diary, I think, within the next three or four weeks. So, I will be very happy to update Members when I've had that meeting.

In relation to your first point, I cannot meet with every business to discuss every policy of every Cabinet colleague across the portfolio, and I'm sure that you will appreciate that. However, as north Wales Minister, as I say, I spend days dedicated to north Wales, and if any business wants to write to me, obviously they are very welcome to do that. And I did discuss the visitor levy with several businesses over the summer. For instance, I visited Dylan's in Llandudno to discuss their apprenticeship scheme, and took the opportunity proactively to ask their views.

You seem to think it's a really bad thing. I disagree. We have tourism taxes. Where I went on holiday this year, there was a tourism tax. Did I think twice about it? No, I didn't. I didn't have to think 'Well, I'm not going to go there because they've got a tourism tax.' If those taxes are spent wisely, it will absolutely boost tourism in north Wales, so I profoundly disagree with you on what you were saying, particularly about the Labour Party and the way that we treat businesses. Of course we're pro north Wales; you wouldn't expect me to say anything else, would you? I'm from north Wales and I'm very proud to be from north Wales, and this is not the bad thing that you seem to portray it to be.

Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Mabon ap Gwynfor.

Thank you very much. I want to start with a question on TB, Llywydd. The latest statistics on—

I'm sorry, Presiding Officer, I'm having issues; I've got a horrendous crackle on my feed and I cannot hear.

I wonder if that's to do with the water that was spilt earlier on in the meeting. [Laughter.]

It could be.

Perhaps it's possible to change the ear piece.

Sorry. Or can I listen somewhere else?

Yes. Why don't you move?

Sorry.

Mabon will pause and repeat now.

Yes. No problem.

I don't think it's the earpiece, because that wasn't on the stand.

Take your time.

Apologies.

No, that's okay.

Mabon ap Gwynfor to start again.

If we can just check that everything's working.

That's fine.

Excellent. Thank you very much.

Great.

I wanted to start with TB. The latest statistics on the number of infections in Wales are to be welcomed. The absolute numbers are reducing and we've see infections halving in number over the past 12 years here. But, the less encouraging news is that infections have started to appear in new areas of Wales, such as north Conwy and Denbighshire, and there are concerns that it's coming into Pennal in south Meirionnydd. You will know as well as anyone else of the huge damage that TB does not only to the livestock but also to the mental health of everyone related to the livestock, be it a farmer or a farrier.

If we are to prevent TB, then we must prevent it from spreading. Measures must be taken to prevent it from getting to new areas and limiting it where it already exists. The key to that is education and support. So, it's concerning to hear that the numbers using the Cymorth TB Cymru support service are very low, whilst in England there's great praise for the TB Advisory Service, with high numbers of users. I know that the Minister is aware of TBAS, so what lessons has she learned from the TBAS programme, what good practice will she adopt from it, and what steps is the Minister taking in order to identify why the numbers using Cymorth TB Cymru are so low, and how will we see an increase in the rates of use?

Thank you. Yes, we certainly would not want to see a drop in people approaching this service. You may be aware, I've recently established a technical advisory group to help with holistic support for the TB programme, and I've appointed Professor Glyn Hewinson, who I'm sure is known to you, to lead this work. It's a holistic approach to our TB programme, to the support we offer. You'll be aware that, every year, I do a statement here in the Chamber to update Members. As you say, we've seen a promising drop in some of the statistics, which is not the whole picture, and I appreciate that. We are seeing some stubborn areas and hotspots. Obviously, you refer to an area that had been quite low and is seeing an increase now, which we certainly don't want to see. I've asked the group to consider, for instance, the current TB testing regime to see if there's anything further that we can do. You'll be aware we had a consultation earlier this year, but I think I will ask Glyn to have a look at what we can do. Maybe the type of services we're giving are not what people want. So, we need to make sure it is absolutely what they want, because if it doesn't work for the farmers who require those services, then clearly it's not going to work for anybody.

I thank the Minister for that response. I want to turn my attention now to the issue of tree planting on farms. The Minister will be aware of the case of Tyn y Mynydd farm in Anglesey and the fact that the Government's forestry department bought good arable land there for the purposes of tree planting. Now, good agricultural land is rare in Wales, and the Government has taken steps to protect the best lands. Only around 7 per cent of Welsh land is considered the best and most versatile land—BMV land—and this land is graded as 1, 2 and 3a land. This land is so important that planning guidance from Government mentions the need to safeguard it for the purposes of agriculture. Indeed, the Minister for environment prevented the development of a solar farm in Denbighshire recently because it was BMV land.

So, consider my shock in going on the Welsh Government's mapping portal and seeing that the land at Tyn y Mynydd in Anglesey is graded as 2 and 3a, which is the most fertile land and land which needs to be protected. Seeing a Government department ignoring the Government's own guidance sets a dangerous precedent. If Government data is correct, then we must see plans for Tyn y Mynydd changing and the land should be rented back to a young local farmer. We must also strengthen guidance in order to safeguard the best agricultural land in Wales. Does the Minister for agriculture agree with me that it's entirely unacceptable that some of the best land of Wales, which is to be protected for the purposes of agriculture, has been purchased by the Government for the purposes of forestry, and does she agree that the plans should be changed forthwith?

Well, this is certainly something I've been looking into since I was made aware of this. Obviously, we do need to plant more trees; we know that, and I'm sure you will agree with that. Net Zero Wales did set out a target of planting 43,000 hectares of new woodland by 2030, and we're looking to do that as part of our national forest for Wales. Obviously, as part of the sustainable farming scheme, we are looking to farmers to help us with the 10 per cent across all farmland. But, I am looking into the issue that you have just described, and I'd be very happy to write to you after further consideration.

Thank you. The food system operates at a UK-wide level, and the Welsh Government works with the UK Government and other devolved administrations to identify risks, and engages with stakeholders to manage them. In Wales, we promote security through investment in the food manufacturing industry, supporting agriculture and providing significant support to a wide variety of community projects.

Thank you for the answer.

The rising cost of essential items is something that we're all too familiar with. The current rate of inflation, at about 9.9 per cent, is causing people in Wales dire financial problems. In agriculture, the rate of inflation is running at a staggering 23.5 per cent annually, but I think in certain places that that is even higher. This is causing many farmers to question their future in the industry. As one hill farmer in my region said, 'Farmers may hold on and produce food at a loss for one year, but they won't do it for two years. We need long-term security, as this is a worrying time'. Minister, I know that there is still time to shape the proposed sustainable farming scheme until the end of October. I'd like reassurances from the Government that there is recognition that the challenges that face agriculture have changed dramatically in recent months. I'd also like an undertaking that farming will have a sustainable future in Wales, at a time when the need for increased food security has taken on a greater urgency.

Thank you. I don't disagree with anything that you say. I think you're right; the figure I've heard from some farmers is 30 per cent, so I think you're quite right to say that, probably, 23.5 per cent is low. It is a very uncertain and worrying time for our farmers, and I absolutely recognise that. I have tried to provide some certainty for them with the continuation of the basic payment scheme, for instance. I haven't reduced it in the way that they have in England—year on year, actually, in England. I will be making a statement about BPS—normally, at the winter fair, I do a statement there.

Obviously, the whole sustainable farming scheme is just that: it's to make our agricultural sector as secure and as sustainable as possible. Obviously, you'll be aware that, over the last two days, I've started the process for the Agriculture (Wales) Bill here in the Senedd. Again, that's about keeping our farmers on the land, because, as you say, they cannot produce food at a loss and, of course, we rely on them to feed us. But, it is very hard to be able to provide the certainty that I know they need when I don't know what my budget is going to be next year. So, it is really difficult for me to be able to talk about the support they would get, in the way that they did when we were in the European Union, now we've left the European Union and we're not able to rely on that figure every year, even though the UK Government said we would be able to if we left the European Union.

But, everything that we're doing in relation to the sustainable farming scheme is to ensure that our farmers are kept on the land, and I'm glad you said that there's still an opportunity. Yesterday, I said that it'd be really helpful for every farmer, and for us as Members to encourage our constituents, to help us with that co-design of the scheme, going forward.

The Social Partnership and Public Procurement (Wales) Bill, which will enshrine the principle of socially responsible procurement into law, establishes that procurement should be about more than simply who provides the cheapest product, but also the best. One way you can achieve this is through localised food supply chains, which, of course, provides opportunities for growth for local producers, as well as the fact that it's generally better for the environment and reduces the need to import food. Another way that you could achieve that aim, of course, is by backing Peter Fox's food Bill. But, the Welsh Government could do more to support producers to be ready to access opportunities to supply more of their produce within their local areas, such as scaling up businesses or accessing funding that they need to purchase equipment. So, with that in mind, Minister, how are you looking to help ensure that local producers are ready and willing to take advantage of such opportunities?

Well, we are doing a great deal to ensure that's the case. I absolutely agree with you that it shouldn't always be about the cheapest; there is a social value, and you'll be aware, as you say, of what we are doing in relation to procurement to ensure that happens. I don't disagree with a lot that's in Peter Fox's food Bill, as he knows. I think a lot of that we can do without legislation, and we are currently doing. Again, some of Peter's suggestions you will see in the agriculture Bill, because I think that the two go hand in hand, along with our community food strategy, which is part of the co-operation agreement with Plaid Cymru, and I'm having discussions with Cefin Campbell, the designated Member, to see what more we can do there. There are also the free school meals—again, part of the co-operation agreement—where we are using local food producers far more than we certainly did before. I'm very pleased with the investment and the support that we as a Government give to our food and drink manufacturers, and we've had our money returned, I think, many times. We're the only part of the UK that increased the exports significantly, and, again, the foundational food sector here in Wales is worth over £8.5 billion, so we absolutely support our Welsh food and drink producers.

Thank you. The Welsh Government provides substantial investment and support for the food industry. Our food trade programme is securing new Welsh product orders in retailers, and new public procurement guidance will prioritise wider socioeconomic benefits. Our free school meals policy will also open opportunities for local suppliers and producers.

I thank you for that answer. Of course, there are two sides to producing food—it's supply and demand. I think we're coming fast-forward to Christmas, and people will be buying locally sourced food, and I think that there's a real opportunity here, perhaps more than ever, to focus people's minds on buying local—those people, of course, who have any money left to buy anything whatsoever after this budget. I would like to ask you, Minister, whether you can work with local suppliers to be able to sell their goods to the local market. We've seen a lot of this during lockdown, and there was really good practice that was adopted by local suppliers in terms of food hampers and suchlike. I think we have the potential to be in another market crisis, so I just would like to ask whether you're thinking along those lines, to carry on the very good practice and promote it, from two years ago, and to apply that now.

Thank you. I think you make a very important point. Certainly during the first lockdown and then the subsequent lockdown, but then during the pandemic, really, I think many people for the first time bought from their local butchers, their local market, and, as you say, a lot of our food and drink producers found new ways of selling their produce locally.

It’s the season of food festivals—after the summer agricultural shows, I think we go into food festival time. I was in my own constituency on Saturday at the Wrexham Feast, and it was great to see so many local producers there. Llangollen Food Festival is coming up, along with Brecon, and I'm sure everybody's now going to shout out their local food festivals. That is a really good opportunity, and I'm really pleased as a Government we are able to support these local food festivals, because that's, perhaps, where somebody will go along for the first time and meet local producers that perhaps they haven't seen before, and then continue to do that. So, I think there is a massive opportunity, and I'm really happy to be able to support as many food festivals as possible.

The COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukrainian war and, of course, our climate crisis have made it absolutely clear that we have to reduce our reliance on imported food. The £8.5 billion Welsh food and farming sector, of course, can help us to do that, and we need to give thanks to our Welsh farmers, who play a massive part in producing climate-friendly and good-quality local produce. Now, we welcome the Agriculture (Wales) Bill, but it does have a significant and fundamental flaw. Whilst you quite rightly stated that the production of food should be the first objective, that is actually out of sync with potentially forcing our farmers now to have 10 per cent tree cover on their land through the sustainable farming scheme, and by, of course, that awful measure of expanding the nitrate vulnerable zones from 2.4 per cent to 100 per cent of Welsh farmland. Now, rather than championing my farmers in Aberconwy in producing local climate-friendly food, what they are witnessing is a Welsh Government—and they tell me this—that is coming at their businesses with a guillotine, cutting their production ability and their chances of survival. So, will you ensure that the production of food is not just a legislative objective and that it does become a reality, and will you also review some of the regulatory burdens you have imposed prior to the emergencies that I have just described now, so that our farmers stand at least a good chance of producing and providing us with that local food we all so badly need?

So, I don't think there is a flaw. I think it's a complementary agenda. So, it is really important that our farmers produce food sustainably, and they do that, and they will be rewarded for that; it's absolutely right. The 10 per cent tree cover that we're asking for on every farm is to share the load across Wales. If farmers don't want to plant trees, they don't have to plant trees, but, for me, they are obviously the people we would go to to ask in the first place, but, if they don't want to do it, they don't have to do it; they don't have to be part of the scheme.

There are no such things as NVZs anymore. We brought in the agri-pollution water quality regulations; NVZs have gone. We have our net zero ambitions. We have our climate targets to meet, and I'm afraid—. We are seeing the impact of climate change now. And we know that our future generation of farmers are going to be farming in very, very difficult and different circumstances to now. We can see the weather changing; you only have to look at this summer, don't you, and at what they have to contend with.

I should say one of the things that we could do to support our farmers—and I would call on every Member in this Chamber, and that includes members of your group—is to lobby the UK Government to make sure we don't lose a penny of the agricultural budget, as we were promised.

Thank you. I have had regular conversations with the Minister for Economy regarding the former Anglesey Aluminium site in Holyhead. I'm sure the Member's aware that details of the sale of the site have recently been made public, and that it is good news for north Wales.

Absolutely, and thank you, Minister, for your response. It was certainly welcome to hear you're liaising with the Minister for Economy on such an important site, and I'm sure agree with me that it's great news to see Stena Line investing in the port to boost its operations, which is a clear endorsement of the fantastic opportunities that the port of Holyhead has to offer. We also know, Minister, that Stena is at the forefront of seeking to deliver a free port in Holyhead, which would be so beneficial to north Wales, and, of course, is supported fully by the Anglesey free port bidding consortium, chaired by Virginia Crosbie. In light of this, Minister, how will you work with the Minister for Economy and Stena Line to ensure that this fantastic opportunity for a free port is maximised to the full, which will boost our economy in north Wales, support communities and create jobs?

Thank you. I know the Minister for Economy has had discussions with the UK Government around free ports. I think it was a difficult start, I think it's fair to say, but, as you know, I think it was 1 September when we did launch our free port programme in Wales with the UK Government. I think it's really important for us to reimagine the role of ports in the future of the Welsh economy. Holyhead is such an important port, and, as you say, for the island of Anglesey, it is absolutely vital. I think what we're looking at is how we can simplify customs procedures; we've certainly seen an increase in bureaucracy since we left the European Union. We need to look at relief on customs duties, tax benefits and also development flexibility. So, we're now inviting applications for Wales's first free port. That's been set out in the published prospectus, and I'm sure you're aware of the objectives that we have. We've also successfully argued that a Welsh free port will need to operate in a manner that aligns with our policies here in Wales on fair work and social partnership.

It's quite right, as I've argued, that we try to exploit the potential of a free port, but what I've called for is honesty about what the risks might be and the need to militate against that. It was disappointing that the Conservatives, including the local MP, were willing to accept £8 million rather than £25 million for a free port on Anglesey, and I'm pleased now that, working together, we were able to make sure that the full amount of funding, as is going to free ports in England, is potentially able to come to Holyhead. It's also important that the council now is the lead player in making sure that a strong, safe, secure bid is put together. Will the Minister say how she is intending to work now with the council to make sure that Anglesey is in a strong enough position to make a good bid, but also to look after the welfare of workers and environmental regulations?

Thank you. In relation to the last point of your question, I said in my earlier answer to Sam Rowlands that I think it is absolutely vital the UK Government recognise that this needs to align with our policies around fair work and social partnership, so I hope that reassures you. I did have a conversation with the leader of Anglesey council at the Anglesey show, around the opportunities that this could bring for Holyhead, but, as I say, the Minister for Economy will be obviously leading on this and will continue to have discussions with the local authority as well.

Thank you. The Animal Welfare Act 2006 places a duty of care on owners and keepers to meet their animals' welfare needs. I've asked the Wales animal health and welfare framework group to give me a view on giving animals, specifically goldfish, as prizes.

Thank you, Minister. As you are aware, it is still, unfortunately, common practice for goldfish to be given as prizes in Wales at showgrounds, fetes and other events, in what are dubbed as 'spur-of-the-moment games'. Very often, due to lack of preparation on the new owner's part, fish given away as prizes often suffer quite badly. They can sadly experience shock and oxygen starvation, and they can even die from changes in their water temperature, which leads to many of them dying before they even arrive at their new would-be homes. Furthermore, people who are given goldfish as prizes do not normally have an aquarium already set up at home, so may keep their fish in unsuitable environments, and some may even get illegally dumped in local waterways. Nine of Wales's 22 councils have already taken direct action at preventing pets, usually goldfish, from being given out as prizes, and this follows on from an RSPCA campaign last year, where about 9,000 residents asked their local authorities to ban this practice. I believe, in England, 27 councils have taken action in implementing restrictions or outright bans. However, in Wales, national legislation remains the best option to end this practice completely, and with this in mind, Minister, will you provide an update on the Welsh Government's view of a national ban on animals being given as prizes? Thank you.

Yes. Thank you. You're quite right: local authorities do have the power to ban the practice of giving animals as prizes on their land. I'm not quite sure how many you thought out of the 22. I think it's five; I'm not quite sure if you said nine, but my understanding is it's five at the moment, but it may have increased and you may be correct. As I say, I have asked the Wales animal health and welfare framework group to consider this matter. I did ask—. It's probably about three years now, but you can imagine, with the COVID pandemic and everything that's happened, this had slipped down the agenda. But I know a paper looking at what we could do has now been issued to members, so, as soon as I have their views, I'll be very happy to update Members.

Thank you. We have committed to restrict the use of cages for farmed animals. We are working collaboratively with other administrations to examine the use of enriched cages for laying hens, farrowing crates for pigs, and breeding cages for game birds.

Thank you for that answer, Minister. I'm particularly concerned about the use of cages for the breeding of gaming birds. Partridges normally mate with a partner for life in the wild, but, in commercial breeding cages, they are forced together, sometimes wearing saddles and beak covers to protect from maiming. This practice is cruel and unnecessary, all in the name of sport. In 2021, polling commissioned by the League Against Cruel Sports found that 72 per cent of people in Wales opposed the use of cages for breeding game birds. How is the Welsh Government working with the UK and Scottish Governments to examine the evidence around the use of cages for breeding game birds, and what progress has been made regarding this since the publication of the animal welfare plan for Wales this year? Thank you.

Thank you. So, we are working with other administrations—you mentioned the UK and Scottish Governments—to look at how and where cages are used, alongside the welfare impacts of existing and whether there are alternative systems also. The Welfare of Farmed Animals (Wales) Regulations 2007 set down detailed conditions in which farmed animals must be kept, and we also have a code of practice for the welfare of game birds reared for sporting purposes. That provides practical guidance, explaining what a person needs to do to meet the standards of care that the law absolutely requires. The use of management devices or practices that do not allow birds to fully express their range of normal behaviours should not be considered as routine and keepers should work towards management systems not requiring such devices.

We've had a review of our code of practices for the welfare of game birds, but at the moment that's been on hold because we have so much work that we need to examine from the other Governments. So, once we've had a look at the evidence around that, we can look to see if that code of practice needs changing. We wouldn't change it without consultation—because I think that's really important—with our stakeholders.

Minister, as chairman of the cross-party group on shooting and conservation, you'll be aware that I've sent you letters previously around avian influenza and the difficulties that caused for the importation of eggs to hatcheries here in the United Kingdom. Therefore, game shoots in Wales are looking to develop their own breeding programmes so that they're no longer reliant on the import of eggs. Therefore, what work are you doing to ensure that these businesses are aware of the changes that you'll be making, so that they can invest their money wisely?

Thank you. Well, certainly, with avian influenza, we've had a really difficult year. It normally starts about October and by March we see some improvement, but, unfortunately, last week alone I think we had three new cases across the UK. So, we haven't had any break at all. So, you're quite right to raise avian influenza. As I say, we wouldn't do anything without consulting with our stakeholders, and obviously they would form part of the stakeholders, but there's a huge amount of evidence that I've asked officials to look at coming from the other devolved administrations and the UK Government.

Thank you. Welsh Government food division is working with our international offices and sports division to showcase the best of Welsh food and drink at two key events—a Welsh themed business network VIP dinner on 25 October, and a wider cultural event on 21 November. Both will be hosted by the ambassador to Qatar.

Thank you very much for that response, Minister. Of course, yesterday, we had a statement with some of this information from the Minister for Economy. What I would like to ask is how will you measure the success of these events in terms of the legacy of this investment following the world cup.

Thank you. Well, what we normally do when we have such events—and I appreciate that this is the first time we've had anything like this—is that we would set a target. So, for instance, when we have Blas Cymru, I set a target of what new business, mainly, comes from Blas Cymru. So, obviously, this will be a smaller event for us—whilst I appreciate it's a massive global event—for us, I think it is absolutely the ideal platform to promote our Welsh food and drink industry to a very high-profile audience in Qatar. I'm really pleased that the first event is ahead of the world cup, because I think it's good to showcase that produce before. We're going to have a top Welsh chef there cooking Welsh lamb and really showcasing our food. But we will set targets to have a look at—. Obviously, we're putting money into it and we need to make sure that we encourage and hopefully support our Welsh food and drink industry to make sure they see increased business from such an event.

Thank you. The assessment of water quality and the impacts of pollution, including from agricultural sources, is carried out by Natural Resources Wales to support the delivery of regulatory requirements, development of river basin management plans and to identify potential interventions where improvements are required.

Thank you, Minister. The Environment Agency modelling suggests that the sources of pollution in the Wye come predominantly from agriculture. Phosphorous pollution is known to cause the process of eutrophication in rivers, a highly problematic issue that causes excessive growth of algae, which smothers and blocks out light for other aquatic plants and animals. NRW said that

'phosphorus breaches are widespread within Welsh SAC rivers with over 60% of waterbodies failing against the challenging targets set.'

Does the Minister now agree with me that such targets need to be a legal requirement, not just a target?

Thank you. Well, the First Minister issued a written statement on 1 August, and that really set out a detailed programme of work and actions agreed at the summit he held at the Royal Welsh Show in July to tackle phosphorus pollution in Wales's special areas of conservation rivers. There is no single measure, I think, that will solve this crisis. There’s no quick fix and I think what the First Minister wanted to portray from that summit was that we need a team Wales approach, where we have the Government, the regulators and all relevant sectors working together over the immediate and medium term to realise those long-term results we want to see to improve the water quality in our rivers.

I thank the Minister for that item.

And now a business statement update, and I call on the Trefnydd, again Lesley Griffiths, to provide that update.

To update us.

Diolch, Llywydd, and I'm really grateful for the opportunity to update Members on the business statement. It's my intention to amend the oral question schedule on next week's business statement, so that questions to the Minister for Economy will be pushed back from 12 October to 19 October, and questions to the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language brought forward from 19 October to 12 October. Unfortunately, this change was not agreed in time to be reflected on yesterday's business statement, and I apologise for that. I would also like to take this opportunity to advise Members that the Minister for Economy will make a statement on economic regional development next week, 4 October, which has been brought forward from 11 October. Diolch.

I thank the Trefnydd for that update.

Item 3, there are no topical questions today.

We move, therefore, to item 4, the 90-second statements, and the first today is from Samuel Kurtz.

Diolch, Llywydd. Today is World School Milk Day, and I'm incredibly grateful to be given the opportunity to champion this day and the School and Nursery Milk Alliance on the floor of this Siambr. Did you know that a 189 ml carton of semi-skimmed milk can provide 42 per cent of a seven to 10-year-old's recommend daily calcium intake, and 24 per cent of their recommended protein intake? It also provides 100 per cent of their recommended B12 intake, an important vitamin for several reasons, not least its role in keeping the nervous system healthy. Here in Wales we produce some of the very highest quality dairy products, with Welsh milk being no exception. So, for Welsh learners to get the very best out of their education, let's use World School Milk Day to ensure our pupils are powered by the very best milk—llaeth Cymreig.

Diolch. Peter Fox.

Diolch, Llywydd. The last few weeks have seen our country united in grief for our late sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II. The period was also deeply sad in my constituency after the loss of the past deputy leader of Monmouthshire County Council, Councillor Bob Greenland. And I just wanted to pay a tribute to this great man, a giant in the local government family. Often, people like Bob, who have done so much to enhance our communities, get forgotten because local government isn't always recognised as it should be. It's people like Bob who have shaped our lives. He was a man of great love, kindness, integrity, fortitude, professionalism and courage.

My relationship with Bob started during the 2004 council elections when he fought the Devauden seat on Monmouthshire County Council. He was one of those rare people that stand out in our political world. His 18 years in council demonstrated that. In 2008 Bob became my deputy leader and remained deputy leader for 14 years, up until last May’s election. Some of his achievements include the regeneration of Abergavenny town centre, as well as the delivery of the new state-of-the-art Monmouthshire livestock centre near Raglan, and the new state-of-the-art leisure centre in Monmouth town. I have to be absolutely honest, hand on heart, those things wouldn't have happened without Bob's persistence and his influence, and they were all down to him.

Over the last few years, as Bob battled against his illness and put up fight after fight throughout all of that, he carried on working. Through all of that suffering he did not bemoan his situation. Bob Greenland was a gentleman, a lovely man, remarkable in so many ways, and a person I am so proud to have known and worked with. The hole he has left in society will never be filled in the same way, and he will always be remembered and missed. Thank you.

Diolch.

We move now to item 5, the motion to approve the official languages scheme for the sixth Senedd and to note the annual report on the official languages scheme for 2021-22. I call on Commissioner Rhun ap Iorwerth to move the motion.

Thank you very much, Llywydd. I'm pleased to present the two documents laid before the Senedd today, namely the annual report on the Senedd official languages scheme for 2021-22, and the official languages scheme for the sixth Senedd.

Let me turn first to the annual report. Members will be familiar with the procedure of holding an annual debate on our work during the year. In accordance with the requirements of the National Assembly for Wales (Official Languages) Act 2012, the Senedd Commission must report annually on its work in providing bilingual services, and any complaints or cases of failure to comply that have been observed. As usual, the report was published in conjunction with the annual report and accounts of the Senedd Commission, and the annual reports on diversity and inclusion and sustainability, in June.

This year, the work of the official languages team has mainly focused on the process of preparing the official languages scheme for the sixth Senedd—I will turn to that scheme later on—and drawing to a close the scheme for the fifth Senedd.

During the course of the year, we welcomed a large number of new Senedd Members, and the team worked with those Members to ensure that they were aware of the requirements of the scheme, and also to ensure that they could work in their official language or languages of choice by default. I would like to thank all Members and their support staff for their support as we implement the requirements of the scheme, and for providing feedback, which is so important, on our bilingual services.

In discussing bilingual services, it's also important to note that the number of learners who are having lessons from the tutoring team has increased; that's always great to see, whether those be re-elected Members re-engaging with their lessons, or those who are completely new learners. It is nice to see the Members who are learning using their skills during proceedings, and the way in which their fellow Members across the Chamber celebrate their successes as they contribute, perhaps for the first time, publicly in Welsh. It's not easy to give it a go and that support is vital in order to encourage Members to keep on learning, on the one hand, but more importantly, certainly, to use their Welsh.

Members will be aware of the statistical information that now forms part of the annual reports. This information is important. It allows us to monitor several areas, including the number of posts advertised at courtesy level, or that have a requirement for skills at a higher level, which forms part of our ongoing language planning processes. We also monitor the percentage of Welsh-medium contributions made in Plenary meetings like this, or in committee meetings. Gathering information of this kind helps us to monitor the effectiveness of the support available to Members, to assist them in using their preferred language when preparing for and taking part in proceedings. We will continue to monitor and to look for ways to nurture confidence in using the Welsh language, and to understand and remove barriers that exist from time to time, in order to ensure that the generally positive pattern continues.

And of course, this is equally important in making people who come into contact with the Senedd feel comfortable in using Welsh—witnesses in committees and so forth. I've previously mentioned that I believe that working online as a result of the pandemic has removed some of those barriers, in some ways, that translation happens naturally and flows better in some ways, without the need to put on or remove headphones. We need to learn from that, I think, for face-to-face and hybrid meetings as well.

Before I turn to the new scheme, it's worth highlighting the fact that no complaints were received this year about our bilingual services, and that there have been very few cases of failing to comply with the scheme—perhaps reflecting the fact that the principles of the scheme are embedded properly in the processes and everyday work of the organisation. Of course, when such cases arise, we will ensure that we take action to rectify that situation and record and share any lessons learned in order to avoid similar cases from arising in the future. And we are always learning.

I will now move on to the official languages scheme for the sixth Senedd. Those who are familiar with the official languages scheme for the fifth Senedd will immediately see that we have made a relatively significant change to the format of the scheme for the sixth Senedd. This is in response to comments made by Members and staff regarding the length of the document, possibly, and from time to time what was seen perhaps as the vague nature of some elements of the service standards. In drafting the scheme for the sixth Senedd, therefore, there was a deliberate attempt made to shorten the narrative and to draw up more specific service standards and to make them as clear as possible. It is our hope that this will create a document that is more relevant and easier to use for all our stakeholders.

We have also combined the language skills strategy, which was previously a separate document, with the scheme itself. In discussions with stakeholders and users over the period of the fifth Senedd, there was a feeling that the strategy was an integral part of the official languages scheme and that it would therefore be more sensible to combine the two documents into one. We'll see whether you agree with that. This will not only ensure, I think, that we bear the requirements of the strategy in mind when developing and providing bilingual services in the future, but it will also make it easier for Members to hold us to account on the content during these annual debates, and that's very important, of course.

In accordance with the requirements of the Act, the scheme for the sixth Senedd also identifies those areas of work that the Senedd Commission will focus on over the period of the sixth Senedd, and will do so in the form of themes. These themes include objectives that will inform our work and that will ensure that we continue to provide a first-class bilingual service. We are trying to improve and strengthen services all the time. For example, we will review the recruitment systems in terms of language skills requirements that were implemented in the fifth Senedd. In truth, our feeling is that refining and maintaining our standards is the main purpose of the themes, so as to ensure that we maintain our reputation as a truly bilingual organisation that is leading the way in this field. We are always looking, of course, for opportunities to learn from others, but we are very eager to share our experiences and expertise, too.

Having now familiarised ourselves with the new normal following the pandemic, we will also, as I mentioned earlier, introduce a theme that will identify how we will learn from our experiences during the pandemic, specifically in terms of the use of our official languages during proceedings, but also more generally in terms of the challenges and opportunities that have arisen in terms of providing bilingual services.

Thank you to the Llywydd for introducing this item, and for the important work that she does in promoting the use of the language in this Chamber and across the Senedd estate. And thank you to the Member for Anglesey for opening the debate. It's important that we lead by example here in the Senedd, not only in delivering the ambitious targets of 'Cymraeg 2050', which we will receive an update on next week, but also to play our part in safeguarding the Welsh language for generations to come.

This sixth Senedd has witnessed two important days in the modern history of the Welsh language. Last October, there was the royal opening, the final visit of Queen Elizabeth. As the report notes, bilingualism was an integral part of that event, with contributions and performances making use of both official languages as part of those celebrations. The second also happened to be a royal visit, when the new King visited the Senedd earlier this month to receive our motion of condolence. We heard our King speak to this Chamber in Welsh—a truly bilingual address. This was a historic event, which shows how far the Welsh language has come. It will also give inspiration to many of our constituents.

I'm pleased to be part of a Senedd that is a strong example of a bilingual workplace that is open and supportive, and nurtures development and the use of the Welsh language at the same level as English. The figures are available to demonstrate how the use of the Welsh language has increased in official business conducted by Members of the Senedd. Fourteen per cent of oral questions were asked in Welsh or bilingually in 2021-22, up from 11 per cent in the year before COVID, which is 2018-19. During the same period, 30 per cent of contributions on the floor of the Senedd were made bilingually or in Welsh, as compared to 18 per cent in 2018-19. These are excellent developments, but there is far more still to be done.

It's worth noting that, over the same period of time, the number of written questions submitted through the medium of Welsh had fallen from 10 per cent to 4 per cent, which is a sign perhaps that people are more comfortable in using spoken Welsh rather than written Welsh—something that I personally feel. I note from the report that there are many plans in place to develop the official languages scheme further during this parliamentary term. I would encourage some focus on the written aspect as well as the spoken word, and I would be interested to hear whether there are any targets in place to measure the success of the scheme in ensuing years in this regard.

Dirprwy Lywydd, the success of this scheme is important. As the Conservative Party, the scheme has our support, and I will do everything I can to see it being successful and seeing further development of the Welsh language across the Senedd's activity and in all aspects of our work. Thank you.

Thank you very much for the scheme and for these reports. Over the weekend, I had the pleasure of singing with my choir, CF1, with another choir, for a tv show with Rhys Meirion, Canu Gyda fy Arwr, which will be broadcast early next year. It's not unusual for us to join another choir, but what was unusual in this case was that the choirs were not only singing but also using Makaton, which is a form of British Sign Language. Lleisiau Llawen, trained by Ceri and Sian, and located in Caernarfon, are a well-known choir that give very special opportunities to people with disabilities. It was a pleasure to see members of that choir expressing themselves through song, and the joy on their faces in performing was very emotional indeed. The experience reminded me and highlighted the importance of Plaid Cymru's vision to make Wales a fairer and more inclusive country, a nation where nobody is left behind—that's the Wales that I want to be part of. With that in mind, has any consideration been given to making BSL an official language within the Senedd? If you can't give us that commitment today, what further measures can be taken in order to promote BSL and to encourage people to use it on a daily basis to improve their ability to engage with the Senedd? Thank you.

I call on Rhun ap Iorwerth to reply to the debate.

Thank you very much, Deputy Presiding Officer, and I thank both contributors for their contributions—Sam Kurtz and Peredur Owen Griffiths. Just a few comments from me, therefore, to respond. I thank Sam. Yes, it is important that we do as an organisation show leadership. Certainly, we want to show here, don't we, how naturally bilingualism can operate in one of the most formal situations you can have, in a way. But the element that the Member referred to in terms of oral Welsh is something that I'm very eager to celebrate. In terms of being fluent, people's use of the language varies from one person to another, and we need to support and celebrate the ways in which people use the language.

In terms of measuring success, as I mentioned, there are ways in which we can gather data—as bare as in terms of how Welsh is used in terms of activities of the Senedd. But there is more than that to this issue. We don't just count the number of words; that's not the measure of how naturally bilingualism happens. I think it happens in feedback all the time. I want Members to feel that they can speak to me as as a commissioner—and I'm sure I can speak on behalf of the Presiding Officer and the Deputy Presiding Officer—so that there is a feeling of being able to share our ideas and our concerns about how to expand bilingualism here.

To Peredur Owen Griffiths, thank you for sharing that experience of singing with choir, and referring to the principles of inclusivity and fairness, which are so important to us. Those are values or principles that can be applied to the use of language as well. It's difficult for me to give that commitment that you suggested in terms of creating official language status, but what I will say about BSL is that the Senedd is very eager to work with partners to ensure that as much use as possible is made of BSL, and, certainly, that when people are engaged with the Senedd, in different formal situations, for example job applications and so forth, that inclusivity is shown towards people who do use BSL. Our provision is far from being perfect here as an organisation, but, of course, we're very eager to learn and improve all the time.

So, thank you for the time to be able to discuss these two reports today. The fact that we can discuss reports in this way shows how normalised and natural and comfortable bilingualism is here in the Senedd. There is room for improvement, and there is room for us to pass our expertise on to others, but don't wait until formal consultations to discuss with the Commission your ideas in terms of the use of language. Our door as a Commission is always open.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? I see no objections. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Item 6 is next, a debate on petition P-06-1276, 'Extend section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels Act (Wales) 2016'. I call on Buffy Williams to move the motion on behalf of the committee.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. On behalf of the Petitions Committee, I'm delighted to open the debate on petition P-06-1276, 'Extend section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels Act (Wales) 2016'. The text of the petition reads:

'Nurses across Wales are short of 1,719 highly-skilled life-saving staff members. This means nursing staff give NHS Wales 34,284 extra hours every single week—and it still isn’t enough. Research shows that where there are fewer nurses, patients are 26% more likely to die overall rising to 29% following complicated hospital stays. The Welsh Government should extend Section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act 2016 to give the Welsh public the full team of nurses they desperately need.'

Thank you to the Business Committee for agreeing our request to debate this petition, which has received 10,572 signatures. This petition is part of a broader campaign led by the Royal College of Nursing Wales. They argue that extending section 25B—the section of the Act that relates to the calculation of staffing levels in a range of settings—will save lives.

They point to the progress to date, since the Act was passed in 2016. Wales was the first country in Europe to protect patient care by placing nurse staffing levels into legislation. This was a groundbreaking achievement. By introducing the legislation, attention has been drawn to nursing, changed the behaviour of health boards, and made patients safer. Scotland has followed in Wales's footsteps with the introduction of the Health and Care (Staffing) (Scotland) Act 2019.

The settings covered by section 25B have already been extended. When the law was first passed, section 25B only applied to acute adult medical and surgical wards. On 1 October 2021, it was extended to children’s wards. Campaigners are now arguing that it should apply in all settings where nursing care is provided, starting with community nursing and mental health in-patient wards. I was not a Member when the legislation was introduced, but debate about how far and how fast minimum staffing levels could be extended was a big part of the Bill’s scrutiny journey. It remains a live issue.

In May 2022, RCN Wales published a report on implementation of the legislation. This found that the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act 2016 has improved patient care and increased the number of nursing staff on wards covered by section 25B. In the Welsh Government’s letter to the Petitions Committee, the Minister for Health and Social Services describes the premise of the petition's title as flawed and lacking in important legislative context. She also notes the global shortage of nursing staff and the ongoing work to develop more effective workforce planning.

In correspondence to the committee, the RCN argue that today’s debate will allow the Welsh Government an opportunity to outline a timescale for the extension and highlight any barriers and constraints they are currently facing. This would allow the public to have a better understanding of why an extension of section 25B has not yet been possible. I look forward to hearing the arguments on all sides.

Thank you, Buffy, for opening this debate. I would like to begin by saying that the Welsh Conservatives wholeheartedly support the extension of section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act 2016 to include community nursing and mental health in-patient settings. We support this extension because it is clear to us that the situation nurses find themselves in is both unacceptable and, in the long term, completely unsustainable for the profession.

Every week, nurses give the Welsh NHS an additional 67,780 hours, equivalent to an extra 1,807 nurses. This essentially means that nurses are being systematically overworked by health boards who are ultimately cutting corners by not employing enough nurses for patient care. Long term, this is detrimental to the mental and physical health of nurses, which then creates a higher risk of patient care being compromised, and has a huge knock-on effect on the family life of nurses as they spend more and more time away from their family, working longer and longer shifts. It creates a negative impression that nursing is a poor career choice.

I was honestly shocked by the number of cases at Welsh health boards where understaffing has led to deep concerns about patient safety, and has even led to injury and death—from a shortage of midwives in Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board's maternity services, where an independent review found that a third of stillbirths could have been prevented with proper care and treatment, to shortages in Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board's vascular and emergency services, where the Royal College of Surgeons found that there were immediate operational pressures due to consultant availability and nurse staffing within the health board. It is clear that severe staffing pressures are ongoing and are leading to serious deficiencies in care.

Turning to mental health, the Ockenden report into Tawel Fan found that some patients had experienced a loss of dignity, being left in urine-soaked sheets or found wandering the ward unsupervised. Similarly, the Holden report into the Hergest unit in north Wales found that inadequate staffing meant that the needs of patients in the unit were not met, and this resulted in patient dignity and safety being compromised. The Welsh Conservative group's own research has highlighted unsafe staffing levels in Wales's accident and emergency units, and it is clear that the Welsh NHS workforce is continuing to face burnout after several years of the pandemic, alongside increasing waiting lists and pressures in emergency care. I, like many others, believe that the Welsh Government should provide more support in this area, and focus efforts to increase student places, and ultimately support the larger NHS workforce.

As the Minister will know, Wales is the only nation of the UK that does not publish national statistics for nursing vacancies in Wales, leaving many to believe that there is something to hide. But Members will be interested to know that figures given to me by the Royal College of Nursing Cymru, show that there were 2,900 nursing vacancies in 2021-22, costing the Welsh NHS £133.4 million in emergency nursing—an increase of 41 per cent from the previous financial year. And, as my colleague, Buffy Williams has also mentioned, the RCN found that there were an additional 144 full-time equivalent nurses and 597 full-time healthcare support workers on section 25B wards in November 2020, compared to March 2018, which was before section 25B came into force. This shows that extending the section 25B on nurse staffing levels will have a major positive impact. I think all Members here will agree with me that failing to extend section 25B is highly unacceptable. And I therefore urge all Members here to support the motion. Thank you.

Before I move on, there is a slight noise in the Chamber, which I've asked ICT to look at. Are Members content to continue, or are they being distracted? Yes? Okay. Well, we'll see if we can get that resolved, hopefully. We'll continue. Rhun ap Iorwerth.

Thank you for the opportunity to speak in this debate, and I'd like to thank the petitioners, of course, for gathering the names in order to draw attention again to the critical situation that we are facing, in terms of the number of vacancies and the need to extend the legislation on safe nursing levels within our health service. And I will repeat that word: 'safe'. This is about patient safety. Someone from your family maybe—you yourself, perhaps. To quote from petition itself, if there are fewer nurses than there should be,

'patients are 26 per cent more likely to die'.

This is about safety. And, of course, the legislative framework for ensuring safe staffing levels is to be seen in the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act 2016. Extending that is what we're calling for again today. Yes, requiring the Act to reach all parts of the NHS back in 2016 was asking a lot in practical terms. Well, given that we are in 2022, it's time to extend it further—to extend section 25B.

Experiences of the pandemic, of course, only reinforced what we already know about the NHS and the nursing workforce—one that was suffering from staff shortages, low pay, low morale, one that operated in an environment deprived of investment and resources. It's no wonder that one of the biggest challenges we have is the sustainability of the nursing workforce. There are far more nurses leaving the NHS than can be matched by newly qualified nurses or internationally recruited nurses. And regrettably, there's been far too little action by Welsh Government since RCN’s last report in 2019 to address nursing retention issues.

It's up to Welsh Government to lead, to take the lead, on nursing retention through a national retention strategy. RCN Wales have published a retention paper that sets out what's being done elsewhere in the UK and what could be done in Wales. Instead, it seems Welsh Government would rather stick its head in the sand when it comes to the scale of the problem. There are no published national statistics provided by Welsh Government for nursing vacancies. Well, we've tried to help with that; the petition we have in front of us mentions 1,700 vacancies. I was recently given a figure of over 400 vacancies in one health board. So, seeing that, I knew that 1,700 sounded too low, so we conducted our own fresh research in parallel. So did the Royal College of Nursing, and we both came to the same result: approaching 3,000 nursing vacancies in Wales. It's a frightening figure, but the RCN's wider research tells us more: figures earlier this year showed that more than half of Wales's nurses are demoralised due to a staffing crisis. Seventy-eight per cent of nurses felt that patient care was being compromised. These are issues that are not going away; they need to be addressed right now.

In the past, the health Minister has commented that section 25B is based on evidence; being grounded in evidence is what gives the Act its credibility, but even though the evidence points clearly to the need to ensure patient safety through safe staffing, she is reluctant to act, still. Just look at the findings of the Tawel Fan report in September 2014; that surely demonstrates the horrific impact on patient care that results when lack of funding, lack of sufficient staff, lack of skills in the workforce, lack of leadership all combine, and the resulting issue isn't addressed. In June 2021, 16 organisations wrote to the First Minister to urge the Government to ensure safe nurse staffing and expand section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act 2016 to mental health in-patient wards and community settings. But still, we wait. When will the Welsh Government commit to valuing our nursing workforce in this way?

I understand that the chief nursing officer has written to Health Education and Improvement Wales regarding the all-Wales nurse staffing programme, and indicated that she is not going to publish the principles for mental health or health visiting. Now, that doesn't bode well. It would mean that the work for those workstreams are unlikely to move forward. Can I ask, does the Minister intend to publish the principles for mental health and health visiting, and if not, why not? We know that staffing levels that are too low endanger the well-being—the lives, even—of patients. We know that it exacerbates low morale in the workforce, leading to a loss of experienced, valued staff. We cannot wait any longer. Can we please see a Labour Government willing to do what's right for the nursing workforce and for patients? And again, I thank the petitioners.

We should all be concerned about the possibility of nearly 1,800 vacancies across Wales, because there's no doubt that a shortage of nurses will compromise nursing care; it's inevitable. Buffy Williams has told us that it has led to a change of behaviour by health boards, and I hope, therefore, an improvement and a greater focus on ensuring that staffing levels are up to complement in acute medical and surgical wards, because that's obviously where the most acutely ill patients normally are, and therefore, the ones whose lives can be saved by better nursing.

But I suppose what I want to understand is whether the recent extension to children's wards in October last year has been successful in ensuring that we have a full complement of staff nurses in children's wards, because at the end of the day, this is all about recruitment and retention of nurses, and if we're simply begging Peter to pay Paul, we're not actually resolving the problem. If we want to extend it to community nursing and mental health settings, which sounds ideal, do these nurses actually exist out there, and if not, why not? So, I want to look at the recruitment and retention issues that all health boards are facing, and that's partly because if you're employed as a member of staff as a nurse, there isn't the flexibility that somebody who's also got caring responsibility needs to ensure that they can be only signing up for the work for which they are available, rather than what the NHS wants them to do.

If you've got small children, you are simply not going to be able to drop things overnight, work overnight, work different days when you don't have childcare; it's not possible. And so, that's one of the reasons that main scale nurses are driven into agency working. In the last financial year, 2021-22, NHS Wales spent £133 million on agency nursing, which was a 41 per cent increase on the previous financial year. Now, that would pay for the salaries of nearly 5,000 newly qualified nurses, so there's something wrong going on here, and it would be useful to hear the Minister's view on this, because agency offers better pay compared with the equivalent NHS staff pay. And that is what is leading to the bizarre situation of agency nurses travelling from London or Manchester to fill vacancies at the Heath or at Ysbyty Gwynedd.

So, I understand why the new all-Wales agency framework contract signed last year for 2021-24 is capping the hourly rates to nursing agencies, otherwise, you simply make the problem worse. But if you rely on agency nursing, you're not only spending more money that you could be spending on a permanent workforce, but you are in danger of being in a very dangerous situation where we simply don't have enough staff, and that the ones who are still working for the NHS then become completely exhausted so that they then take early retirement or go and get another job. So, this is a really important issue and, therefore, we should very much thank the petitioners for this.

I was compelled, really, to contribute to this Petitions Committee report after two visits. The first was to Glangwili General Hospital in my constituency over the summer recess, where I met with staff in what was a very real, very raw and very honest discussion with staff around the levels that they're seeing in terms of nursing levels. We're quite right to talk about nurses leaving the profession, but those who are staying are staying over fear of letting their colleagues down, which I think is really quite heart-wrenching to hear from those on the front line within our hospital services. They're at the end of their tether.

The second visit was with the Royal College of Nursing yesterday, where I got figures for my own health board of Hywel Dda. Hywel Dda agency nurse spend for 2021-22 was £28.9 million, and the registered nurse vacancy rate in 2021-22 was 539.2—approximately 20 per cent—which is the highest in Wales. These are incredible statistics, and they just show why we, as Welsh Conservatives, why we on this side of the Chamber stand in solidarity on this and back extension of 25B wholeheartedly. I think we really need to assess what we are doing to support our nurses, because they are the backbone of our healthcare system, be that in general hospitals, be that in GP practices, where nurse practitioners are developing a larger strategic role. I think it's vitally important that we do all that we can to support them.

I call on the Minister for Health and Social Services, Eluned Morgan.

Thank you very much. I welcome this debate today, and I thank Members for their comments.

As Minister for Health and Social Services, I, of course, appreciate the challenges faced daily by our NHS workforce. We've come through a challenging pandemic, largely due to the incredible efforts of our front-line workers, not least the nursing staff, and we will forever be grateful to them for that.

Now, I'm under no illusion that the pandemic is not over and we don't know what surprises still lie in store for us. The fact is that its residual impacts are generating real pressure across the system. The bleak economic forecasts in the coming winter and beyond will have a compounding effect on that.

Ensuring we have the right workforce skill mix across our health and care system to provide appropriate, holistic, individualised care to the people of Wales is therefore of fundamental importance and on that point I'm sure we all agree. But I'm afraid I'm unable to agree with this petition's assertion that extending section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act is in and of itself going to achieve that. Firstly, the Act requires that an evidence-based workforce planning tool is a necessary component for considering application of section 25B to any particular care situation, and such tools do not currently exist for other situations. So, we're not saying 'never', we're just saying 'not at the moment'. [Interruption.] And any call to apply—if you'd let me finish the sentence, thank you—any call to apply section 25B of the Act across new clinical settings simply ignores that fact. And the fact, for example, when you look at mental health wards, is that they involve more complex care, so they have multidisciplinary teams, so they're more complicated. So, you can't just take what happens on one ward and put it and project it onto another ward. So, we do have to understand that different circumstances require those planning tools to be effective.

Thank you, Minister, for taking the intervention. In terms of workforce planning, we've heard that the vacancy rate is just under 3,000, but that figure comes from the Royal College of Nursing, and opposition parties here have done their own research to get to that figure. But in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland the Government publishes those figures, and I wonder if you would be minded to do that, because that in itself, I would hope, would be helpful in highlighting the issues and helping to address the workforce issues.

Thanks very much. Well, I have asked HEIW to do some work on this, so I'll come on to that in a second, if you don't mind.

The second point that I think is really important to understand is, even if those tools were available for every nursing situation, it's simply inaccurate to suggest that extending section 25B to all of those areas would result in giving Wales 'the full team of nurses', as the petition puts it, and that's simply because, at the moment, those nurses don't exist. So, the nursing staff shortage is an issue that's being experienced globally; it's not just a Welsh issue. The World Health Organization has estimated that nursing and midwifery vacancies currently represent more than 50 per cent of the global shortage of health workers. Now, we know that there are significant registered nursing vacancies already in our health boards and across our care sectors, and this is not an issue that would be directly addressed by any extension to section 25B of the Nurse Staffing Levels (Wales) Act.

Now, we're already doing a huge amount to recruit and to train nurses. The number of commissioned training places has increased by 69 per cent to 2,396 since 2016, so that would take us a long way towards those 3,000 that you have identified. But we need to recognise that the problem is retention, and that's why I have asked HEIW to do more work on retention specifically of nursing staff. I'm delighted that, on Friday, I'll be going to Aberystwyth to open the new centre where we will be training more nurses in Wales, and I think it's really important that we understand also—. And I recognise that we're spending too much money now on agency nurses, so I've asked again for some work to be done on that. How do we bring the cost of agency nurses down? It's not straightforward. If you give our current nurses more money, then the agency staffing costs will go up and we've still got gaps. So, none of it is straightforward, but I've asked some key people to help, come up with some ideas for how we can—

[Inaudible.]—I'd appreciate it if you'd just let me make a short intervention just on agency nurses, if that's possible.

Well, we have had a couple of interventions.

It's just on the matter of agency—

That's a 'no', Darren. Thank you.

Oh, pardon me. Okay. You asked for ideas; I was going to give you one.

Thank you. Well, not while I'm standing on my feet in the middle of a debate. So, I have asked for ideas from the professionals who are helping me with this.

Now, it appears that what those who have signed the petition are saying is that they want the right number of nurses and healthcare staff in the system to meet the care needs of the people of Wales, and that's my aspiration too. But a legislative pledge that cannot be delivered won't secure that, and I can't commit the Welsh Government to that approach. Rather, the steps that will help to ensure that are planning and workforce modelling in an effective way, effective strategies for recruitment and retention of staff, including programmes that are standardised to provide clinical oversight and tutoring to our nursing staff, and also international recruitment. Health Education and Improvement Wales is leading on the development of a sustainable national workforce development plan for nursing, and I hope that this work will lead to solutions and a focus to tackle the fundamental challenges in terms of the workforce. Thank you.

I call on Buffy Williams to reply to the debate.

Firstly, I'd like to thank the petitioners for bringing this petition forward, and I'd also like to thank the Members who've contributed today and the Minister for her reply. Nurses make up around 40 per cent of NHS Wales employees; they are the heart and soul of our national health service. What has been clear in this debate is that, whatever party we belong to and whatever community we represent, we all want to ensure that we have the appropriate number of nurses to ensure the safety and well-being of patients. But how we achieve that, particularly in the face of a global shortage of nurses, is the key challenge. I'd like to thank members of the Royal College of Nursing for attending today's debate; I look forward to seeing them in the Neuadd later this evening to mark the launch of their new report.

I hope today's debate has shed further light on the progress made over the last few years and the challenges that remain, and I know that this is an issue that will continue to be debated long into the future. Diolch.

The proposal is to note the petition. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Item 7 this afternoon is the Welsh Conservatives debate—gynaecological cancer. I call on Russell George to move the motion.

Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I move the motion in the name of my colleague, Darren Millar. In this motion today, we, as Welsh Conservatives, are urging the Welsh Government to ensure that its cancer action plan is published urgently, alongside focusing its cancer workforce plan on gynaecological health, with clear and measurable aims that can be achieved within the next five to 10 years.

Now more than ever, gynaecological cancer services must be given the priority that they deserve. There is little doubt that the pandemic, of course, has accelerated inequalities in healthcare, no more so than in female cancers. Latest cancer survival rates between 2015 and 2019 show that the five-year survival rates had dropped for cancer of the uterus by 4 per cent over the last decade, the only cancer to dip in survival rates over a 10-year period.

The pausing of vital screening services for four months in 2020, alongside restrictions over the past two years, has caused a drop in attendance for cervical screening to its lowest in over a decade. Furthermore, many women who were invited for appointments are finding it difficult to arrange suitable time with their employers, some often taking annual leave in order to attend medical procedures.

Sadly, long waits for cancer treatments are not new. Cancer waiting times have not been met since 2008. Fifty-six per cent received treatment within 62 days in February 2020; that was, of course, prior to the pandemic. Although gynaecological cancers typically have a high survival rate at both one and five years, performance of treatment for gynaecological tumour sites against the single cancer pathway has dropped significantly, leading to concerns about whether survival rates will drop further because of the pandemic. So, I think it is time, and it is imperative, that patients are seen quickly, to receive the treatment that they need, and I believe that, by having a robust plan in place, we can start to make progress on this.

As part of this, a specialist cancer workforce that is able to cope with demand and increasing backlogs I really think should be a priority for the Government, in order to prevent gynaecological cancer survival rates from slipping further. Wales already has the highest shortfall of cancer specialists in the UK. Ninety per cent of clinical directors in Wales told the Royal College of Radiologists in 2021 that they were concerned about patient safety. And none of this, of course, that I’ve mentioned is a party political issue. These are not party political points that are being made. Many organisations have expressed deep concern surrounding workforce. For example, Macmillan Cancer Support also found that one in five of those diagnosed with cancer in Wales over the past five years said that they lacked specialist cancer nursing during diagnosis or treatment, and Cancer Research UK has also outlined that gaps in the NHS workforce are a fundamental barrier to transforming cancer services and improving cancer survival rates in Wales. And shockingly, despite these grave concerns, the last 10-year NHS workforce plan fails to include a specific workforce plan for cancer specialists. In fact, the joint Health Education and Improvement Wales and Social Care Wales strategy from October 2020 fails to mention cancer at all. And while there are laudable aims, of course—I accept that—in the Welsh Government’s cancer quality statement, the lack of detail within the 10-year NHS workforce plan for cancer specialists is sadly reflected in this document.

In response to Mabon ap Gwynfor’s debate on cancer treatment and diagnosis in December, while of course the Minister mentioned the cancer quality statement, again, little detail was provided to ensure how increases in cancer workforce could be carried out. Welsh Conservatives have been concerned over the past two years about the lack of progress the Welsh Government has made over both supporting cancer services to recover from the pandemic and the lack of forward planning to ensure that cancer services are fit for the future.

Thank you, Minister, for listening attentively to my contribution today. For me, I think it’s all very well me repeating the same arguments that we’ve been experiencing for years, but this is a specific area that I really think we should be leading on by example. Jo’s Cervical Cancer Trust has expressly outlined the barriers for women to obtain a simple test that would prevent them from often going through complicated procedures or even risking death, so I don’t think we can delay any further. We must ensure that women are tested, diagnosed earlier, and tested within target times, for gynaecological cancer especially.

I very much hope that this motion today will gain cross-party support. It’s not a party political issue; it’s something that I think we can all get behind. I look forward to Members’ contributions to the debate today.

I very much thank the Conservatives for tabling this motion, because women’s health gets much less attention from the NHS, from medical research and the pharmaceutical industry, so anything that shines a light on women’s health is really welcome. And we should all be concerned that less than a third of gynaecological referrals are seen within 62 days, but having talked to some of the gynaecologists and obstetricians working in England, I appreciate that this is not something that is facing Wales alone; it’s also a major concern across the NHS.

I think one of the things we need to do when we look at why gynaecological referrals—. Obviously, waiting lists are much longer than we currently have capacity to see. Are they appropriate, these gynaecological referrals, or are people in primary care not dealing with issues themselves, when they ought to be? Now, we need to start, of course, with prevention, and I think that the mandatory relationships and sexuality education helps all citizens be aware of how their body works and what is normal and what is not normal, and when they should be seeking advice. That's a really important issue. We need to operate prudent healthcare in primary care, and I recall, for example, that the UK Government had to be dragged kicking and screaming into making telemedical abortions a permanent feature of sexual health provision, which was something that Wales took a bold decision about. That's clearly the right thing, particularly for people who've got caring responsibilities or live in rural areas, where getting to a clinic is going to be way more difficult than if you live in an urban constituency like mine.

Equally, we need to ensure that people have access to contraception so that they are not needing abortions in the first place. That's all part of prudent healthcare. I know we have C-Cards for under-25-year-olds, so they can get condoms, and that obviously helps prevent unwanted pregnancies and also sexually transmitted infections, both of which are seriously important in preventing gynaecological problems later on.

This week, I heard from a consultant in women's health in the women's hospital in Liverpool that long-acting—LARCs—long-acting reproductive—. I can't remember what they're called, but they're basically an injection to enable you to not get pregnant, with a long-acting release to do that. They were the most effective public health intervention. I wrote it down because I thought it was a really bold statement. But she said that in England, anyway, it's made very difficult to get hold of, and we know from earlier work done by the Welsh Government that this is a really effective prevention for vulnerable groups—teenagers who have become pregnant, and then who obviously want to ensure that they don't get pregnant again.

The Member needs to conclude now, please.

This could be a really important tool for ensuring that all women know about it.

The elephant in the room, in my view, is endometriosis, and I appreciate that we're doing lots of work to improve the understanding of both GPs and gynaecologists on this issue. But, it really is a serious issue, and very difficult to disentangle from gynaecological cancer, because if you've got such problems—

Jenny, can you conclude now, please?

—then it can be really problematic, and we clearly need to do way more work on this.

It's a pleasure to take part in this debate this afternoon on what is such an important topic in the lives of many women in Wales. And while it may raise eyebrows that a bloke is talking about women's health, I believe it's important that we all work together to enhance the lives of women in Wales to tackle the barriers to cervical screening, and avoid unnecessary deaths due to gynaecological cancer.

I worked in the NHS for 11 years, if you didn't know already, and while I didn't work directly in the field of women's health, I did work in community mental health teams and would support women's mental health, which deteriorated as a result of their physical health. And the point I'd like to make is, sometimes, we focus on the core issue, which is quite right, but what we also have to consider and care for is the knock-on effects such illnesses have on women's self-esteem and mental health, of course.

Deputy Llywydd, Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust has outlined the problems women already face towards cervical screening, including embarrassment, pain, fear, fear of results and inconvenience. These existing barriers, on top of COVID-19 creating restrictions in backlogs and in seeing GPs, has led to cervical screening coverage falling to 69.5 per cent in October last year, the lowest in over 13 years, and below the minimum service standard for coverage of 70 per cent—[Interruption.] Yes, sure.

Thank you for taking an intervention. I wonder if you can just tell us if those are UK figures or Welsh figures, because Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust is a UK-wide charity.

Yes, these are Wales-only figures, because I'm just going to mention now that, in Merthyr Tydfil, less than two thirds of women took their screening test, which I think is shocking but not surprising, to say the least, when many women have said that the main barrier was working their tests around employment and, as Russell George mentioned in opening the debate, it's women in a situation of having to take annual leave in order to make cervical screening appointments. Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust also noted that just one in four women were able to get a convenient cancer screening appointment in 2021, and one in five women reported that they had used annual leave more than once to attend cervical screening appointments. And a staggering 80 per cent of women who work full time cannot get a convenient cervical screening appointment, and 15 per cent have delayed screening because they felt unable to take time off work.

But it's not for me to tell the Chamber today how hard it is for women to get cancer screening appointments. I will, however, use the words of one of my constituents, who had difficulties in arranging their test. They said, 'In August, I received a letter from my GP about my three-year cervical cancer screening appointment. I know this is an important procedure and I was lucky that my GP surgery had an e-mail address, so I didn't have to feel uncomfortable about phoning in. But even though the surgery picked up on my e-mail that same day, I was unable to arrange a convenient appointment until October. My work means that I have to be in the office on certain days and at certain times, so while I was anxious about the appointment, I was unable to book it in for an earlier time. So, I'll be waiting two months from the date I received my letter to actually getting a test. While my boss has been understanding, I dread to think of women who are put in the position that they have to book annual leave for a medical appointment.'

Now, that's just one person, but her story is being repeated right across Wales. My constituent left her cervical screening to one side. The consequences could be disastrous by having possible cancerous cells diagnosed at a later stage, her survival rate would drop from 95 per cent for five or more years at stage 1 to just 15 per cent at stage 4. And we will have heard previously, even when gynaecological cancers have been diagnosed, just over a third will be treated within 62 days on the single cancer pathway, and I think that's an unacceptable position to put the women and girls of Wales in.

And, Deputy Llywydd, to close, it should be our duty to remove those barriers and to set an example to half of Wales's population. Employers and even ourselves as politicians must ensure that vital cancer tests are taken, so that women are diagnosed and are being treated earlier, and we can't delay this any further. So, it's time we focused our efforts on gynaecological cancers, alongside boosting our cancer workforce, and, above all, it's time to test, so support our motion this afternoon. Thank you.

I welcome this motion before us today, as we note Gynaecological Cancer Awareness Month. Every woman in Wales and every woman across the world faces the risk of gynaecological cancer. It increases with age, but it is something that is a risk for everyone. But, of course, as with all cancers, the way to increase the chances of survival, if the cancer has an opportunity to take hold, is to identify and treat that cancer early. But, the reality is a very depressing one in Wales: fewer than one in three cancer patients is seen within the 62-day target. One-year and five-year survival rates for cancer of the uterus have dropped significantly over the last decade. We should be seeing survival rates increasing in the twenty-first century. Tragically, more than half of the kinds of cancer with the lowest survival rates in Wales are found late, which makes the work of treating the cancer more difficult.

In May, I called on the Welsh Government to develop a bespoke women's health strategy for Wales. Such a strategy should focus on closing the gender gaps in healthcare, providing consistent investment, support and treatment into women's health. But, today's debate again exemplifies that there's so much work to be done still. Even before the COVID pandemic, which at times can feel is being blamed for everything, Wales was experiencing significant gaps in the diagnostic and cancer workforce, in imaging, in endoscopy, pathology, non-surgical oncology. The NHS has relied, has it not, on the goodwill of its workforce to keep services running.

In July this year, figures told us that just 34 per cent of gynaecological cancers met the suspected cancer pathway target of starting treatment within 62 days from the point of suspected cancer in Wales. This falls far behind the target of 75 per cent of people starting treatment within 62 days.

In 2017, the then Assembly's Petitions Committee produced a report calling for a public-facing ovarian cancer awareness campaign in Wales. To date, there has been no specific awareness campaign on ovarian cancer, despite low levels of awareness of the symptoms of ovarian cancer in Wales. Nearly 400 women in Wales are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year. Well over half of them will die of ovarian cancer in Wales each year. If there's no public awareness campaign, if there's no general awareness of ovarian cancer, including the common symptoms, when people should seek medical advice, then those who have the cancer go undetected and untreated, and early detection, as I say, is critical.

Target Ovarian Cancer wants to shorten the diagnostic pathway. Now, currently, individual tests are carried out separately, leaving women waiting longer for a diagnosis. We want to see the relevant tests carried out at the same time, allowing women to be diagnosed faster.

Screening is vital when it comes to women's health. Many lives have been saved by an early diagnosis stemming from the screening programme. The movement towards five-year screening rather than three-year screening undertaken previously was based on evidence. It was the right decision, but it was dealt with in an unacceptable way, with poor communication, a lack of information, and that happens too often when it comes to women's health conditions across Wales. But, of course, Jo's Cervical Cancer Trust emphasises that preventing cervical cancer doesn't begin and end with screening, and there's a lot of work to be done in terms of the patient pathway following diagnosis.

To close, according to Cancer UK, rates of cancer of the uterus in Wales are significantly higher than in the rest of the United Kingdom. Vulval cancer affects around 80 women in Wales every year, requiring specialist and complex treatment. We have no screening procedures for that at all.

Wales was performing poorly in terms of cancer diagnosis, treatment and survival rates, as I say, long before the COVID pandemic. That is why we on these benches and others have been asking for a cancer plan for many years. Let us today, in the context of women specifically and gynaecological cancer, make that call again. We can't act soon enough when it comes to cancer and the threat to women's lives in Wales.

The adverse effects of the pandemic on the delivery of health services in Wales are still being felt, and it's particularly concerning when it comes to cancer services. I'd like to reiterate what my colleague Russell George said earlier, in that vital cancer screening services had to be paused for four months in 2020, and the imposition of restrictions on movement and face-to-face meetings have resulted in attendance for cervical screening falling to their lowest levels in over a decade, which is a real shame, but we also understand why. Each year, around 1,200 people are diagnosed with gynaecological cancer here in Wales. The incidence rate for gynaecological cancer is significantly higher in Wales, with 72 cases per 100,000 women, compared to the UK average of 68 cases. Sadly, the mortality rate is also significantly higher here, with 26 deaths per 100,000, compared to 24 in the UK—some 470 deaths in Wales each year.

The suspected cancer pathway sets a target of 62 days for people to start treatment from a point of suspicion. In Wales, in July this year, only 34 per cent of gynaecological cancer patients met this target. It is clear that urgent action needs to be taken, not just to recover cancer services to pre-pandemic levels, but also to improve cancer outcomes and survival in the future. Without this action aimed at delivering timely diagnosis and effective treatment, outcomes for cancer patients in Wales will not improve.

The Welsh Government cancer quality statement remains vague. It does not specify a target and lacks detail on how it will reduce waiting times and how it plans to increase the NHS cancer workforce. Even before the pandemic, Wales was experiencing significant gaps in the diagnostic and cancer workforce, such as imaging, endoscopy, pathology and non-surgical oncology. These gaps have severely affected the ability of the Welsh NHS to diagnose cancers early, provide the most effective cancer treatment and improve cancer survival rates.

The clinical oncology consultant workforce in England and Wales has only grown by an average of 3 per cent a year over the past five years, compared with 5 per cent in Northern Ireland and 6 per cent in Scotland. Spending on agency staff for NHS Wales has increased from £50 million in 2011 to £143 million in 2019. This equates to more than half of Health Education and Improvement Wales’s annual spend on healthcare education training. This significant resource is spent on outsourcing rather than investment in the long-term growth of the NHS workforce here in Wales. Without this investment, we will not have the front-line staff and specialists we need to address the cancer backlog. Minister, the time has come for a detailed cancer action plan. This plan must include robust reporting mechanisms to report on progress regularly and transparently.

The cancer quality statement is totally inadequate, as you said, and needs to be replaced as soon as possible. The Welsh Government needs to develop a laser-like focus on cancers in general in Wales and produce a strategy to tackle them. All this will inform and guide not just doctors and other clinical staff, but also the managers who need to understand what the priorities will be going forward.

In relation to the cancer action plan, the plan should have, as its central aim, the principle that everyone should have equitable access to timely diagnosis and the most effective evidence base, treatment and support. Consideration should be given to how adequate capacity and expertise can be brought together to enable timely access and transformation, and how to bring cancer services closer to communities and patients at large. However, lasting transformation that will deliver improvement in outcomes will be impossible without adequate investment, growing the cancer workforce as well as improving infrastructure. We need to see innovative approaches to service delivery in areas such as early detection and diagnosis, digital pathology and developing integrated IT systems.

Minister, your Government and all parties in this Senedd are committed to promoting the rights of women, I have no doubt in my mind. On Monday, I took part in the first meeting of the women's caucus steering group, organised by our esteemed colleague Joyce Watson. Based on the Senedd's desire to support women in all areas, nothing would demonstrate more clearly your commitment to promoting the rights of women than by giving your support to the motion today. Thank you.

I thank the Conservatives for bringing this debate today. In recent years, there have been huge strides in the prevention of cervical cancer through the introduction of the human papillomavirus vaccine programme. That vaccine was first rolled out in schools in the UK for teenage girls in 2008 and has been available for boys since 2019. It has had a hugely positive impact on cervical cancer rates since its introduction. A recent study including decades of research showed that cervical cancer rates were reduced by 90 per cent in women in their twenties who had that vaccine at the age of 12 or 13. HPV is a name given to a common group of viruses, many of which do not cause any harm, but some HPVs are known as high risk because they are linked to the development of some cancers like cervical cancer. In fact, HPV is linked to 99 per cent of cervical cancers.

It's important to note that this has not eradicated the need for smear tests—that’s been mentioned here today—and that they are still as important as ever, because no vaccine is 100 per cent effective, and it's still possible for the virus to be transmitted despite that vaccination. But it has been a huge breakthrough in women's health, and it's been found to be effective in protecting women against other gynaecological cancers—that is cancer of the vulva and the vagina. Uptake of this vaccine in Wales has generally been high since its introduction—roughly around 80 per cent. There was a dip, as we all know, between 2019 and 2021, as routine vaccinations were paused. An 80 per cent uptake seems a really good uptake, and it is, but if you compare it to MMR, that has an uptake of 90 to 95 per cent. So, I'd be keen to know what actions the Welsh Government are taking to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine in 12 to 13-year-olds.

I know that Jenny was trying to mention endometriosis, so I shall pick up that—the link to undiagnosed endometriosis within women and the fact that the longer that women are living with it undiagnosed, the potential for the spread and the likelihood of that becoming a cancerous spread happens. Therefore, I will call on you, Minister—I’m sure I’m pushing at an open door—to look at that.

The other thing is that ovarian cancer is known—and Rhun mentioned it—as the silent killer. We have to do more to educate those people working in the field, but also those people suffering symptoms, to know what it is that they're dealing with. It shouldn't be a silent killer—we should be bringing it to the fore and making sure that women and girls, and also their partners and the people around them, are informed about the signs and symptoms from a very young age, and also the risk factors associated with cancers and the steps that they can take to help reduce that risk, like vaccination, diet and lifestyle. I’d certainly like to see a real drive in helping to raise awareness of these issues. I ask you, Minister: is that something that you might be including in your women's health plan for Wales?

One of the downsides of going later on in these debates is that a lot of people have already said a lot of what I wanted to raise. I'm not going to reiterate a lot of the comments that other people have made, but one thing I did want to say, and something about the key statistics that has really stood out for me, is that 1,200 people each year are diagnosed with gynaecological cancer, and out of that, 470 die. That's 470 sisters, grandmothers, wives and mothers. It's just not good enough that those people are dying. The Government must do more. The Minister has heard, across the Chamber today, ideas of how we can address this, from Members from across the political divide. These people suffered in pain and then they died, and I'm sure the Government want to get on top of this. That is what our motion is clear to do. This isn't political, this is about actually getting on top of an issue, to address gynaecological cancer so people don't have to die unnecessarily, because I'm sure, as I said earlier, those sisters, wives, mothers and grandmothers still want to be here, and if the Government can do more to put a cancer action plan in place, no-one will have to die unnecessarily to this absolutely hateful disease. Thank you, Deputy Llywydd.

One in two of us will develop some form of cancer in our lifetime. This inevitably means that we'll all feel the effects of cancer, but much like many other diseases and illnesses, thanks to groundbreaking research funding, not all cancer diagnoses are a death sentence. We have made leaps and bounds over the decades, with survival rates doubling over the last 40 years, but inequalities still remain, so there is work still to be done. Reading today's motion makes me feel a great amount of sadness. The lowest single cancer pathway performance by tumour site is gynaecological, and one-year and five-year survival rates for cancer of the uterus have dropped significantly. This inequality is unfair, and it's only right that we discuss this on the Chamber floor together during Gynaecological Cancer Awareness Month.

If we're to save more lives, and if we're to reach the ambitions of today's motion, we must remove the barriers that women face at each and every milestone on their journey with cancer. It's absolutely shocking that 80 per cent of working women who work full time can't get a convenient cervical screening appointment. If we are to save more lives, we need to be diagnosing early. We'll only make sure this happens if women are able to arrange appointments when needed. This, to me, has to be the most important aspect of the cancer action plan. After receiving a diagnosis, too often we hear stories from women who are waiting unacceptable durations from one appointment to the next. The uncertainty this causes leads to an even further decline in their health and mental health. Conducting an urgent review into gynaecological waiting times is a must if we are to bring this to an end.

I think, during these debates, the language that we use and the points that we make can make NHS staff feel as if they're the ones to blame. So, let me make one thing absolutely clear: NHS staff aren't the problem. We need more dedicated NHS staff, so that doctors and nurses aren't working more than their contracted hours out of goodwill. We need more dedicated NHS staff to plug the gaps in endoscopy, imaging, pathology and non-surgical oncology. They aren't the problem; they are the solution, and I can't thank them enough for their work. We need to unashamedly support the new Velindre Cancer Centre, not shy away from it or treat it as some sort of profanity. We need to unashamedly support the plans for the centre of true world-class standard in the treatment of all types of cancer care—no ifs, no buts.

I'd like to finish my contribution today with a thank you to Wayne Griffiths, who some of you met earlier this year at the Senedd. As many of you will know, I am a proud support of the Forget Me Not fund, which is a tribute fund in loving memory of Rhian Griffiths, who sadly passed away at the age of 25 in June 2012 from cervical cancer. Rhian's story and her legacy, thanks to her parents, changes lives every day. Let's take inspiration from Rhian, from her parents, from the Forget Me Not fund that celebrates its 10-year anniversary this year, to ensure that we can change the outcomes for women diagnosed with gynaecological cancer in Wales. Diolch.

I call on the Minister for Health and Social Services, Eluned Morgan.

Diolch yn fawr. I'd like to thank Russell and the Conservatives for bringing forward another important debate on cancer services. I'd like to thank others, also, for their really powerful and thoughtful contributions to this debate.

As we emerge from the impact of the pandemic, we must continue to focus on recovery in cancer services and look to minimise any impact on outcomes. We've set out in a number of plans the work we are doing to support cancer services, and we are giving this significant and ongoing focus in our discussions with health boards. Frankly, we're not doing well enough yet, and I'm very well aware that we've got a long way to go on this. Much of what's been discussed today applies across many types of cancers, but I think it's right, during Gynaecological Cancer Awareness Month, that we focus on cancers of the ovary, uterus, cervix and some of the rarer types, such as vulval and vaginal.

I know that survival rates for cancer of the uterus have dropped in recent figures, although we have seen improvements for ovarian and for cervical cancer. It's really important that people with concerns about cancer come forward early to see their GP, and we must not be embarrassed to talk about these conditions and to seek help. I also encourage people eligible to take part in cervical screening or the HPV vaccination programme, as prevention is the very best approach.

I've heard loud and clear what some of you have said about the need to make sure that those screenings are available to women at convenient times. I understand that it can be challenging for working-age women to make appointments around their work commitments, so we're going to look and we're going to learn from England about the potential to introduce self-sampling. I agree that NHS Wales's performance in relation to gynaecological cancers in particular is not what it should be and it's certainly not what I expect to see. The service is working hard to address this, putting in additional clinics, streamlining pathways and looking for new ways to deliver services. In July alone, 1,561 people entered this particular cancer pathway, and during the same month—the same month—1,256 people on this cancer pathway were given the all clear. So, work is going on and people are getting through the system, but it's not enough. Seventy-six people started their definitive first cancer treatment for these conditions in July.

Now, we're still in a pandemic situation and, even though the direct impact on services is receding, we still have the indirect consequences of earlier waves of the pandemic with us—people who perhaps delayed presenting with concerns are now seeking help on top of those who would ordinarily be coming forward at this time. And what's happening is that that's resulting in significantly larger numbers of people requiring investigation—roughly around 11 per cent more for gynaecological cancers since January.

But, there is a reality to all of this. It's going to take time to recover, time to grow our workforce and to reach where we need to be. Now, I'm aware in terms of cancer services that time is not always available to people, and I'm not asking people to be patient, but I am seeking to explain what's causing the problem and how we're going to restore the situation.

I can assure you that there is no need for a review of gynaecological waiting times. We look at the data on a monthly basis, on an all-Wales basis, and with individual health boards. We discuss cancer performance with health boards regularly in every one of the relevant fora, and the health boards understand the focus that I expect to see on this issue. There are some signs that performance is improving, and it's important to note, too, that around 94 per cent of the people on a cancer pathway are informed that they don't have cancer. If we consider everyone on a gynaecological cancer pathway, those who are informed that they don't have cancer and those who need treatment, the median waiting time for the pathway to discover whether they have been diagnosed with cancer or not is 36 days.

I will hold a summit of senior managers and cancer clinicians from all parts of Wales on 12 October in order to ensure that we are doing everything within our power to restore our services.

So, I am holding a summit, a cancer summit, on 12 October, and I can assure you that I am now going to make sure that I put on that agenda gender-related cancer breakdowns just to make sure that we're not seeing a difference in the way that different cancers are being considered.

I am more than willing to give particular attention to improving the work on workforce development for cancer and whether our provision for the workforce is sufficient. I intend to introduce a cancer service action plan for the NHS over the next few weeks.

So, the plan for the cancer services will be published in the next few weeks.

And in this plan, I will set out in more detail how we will deliver against the expectation set out in the quality statement for cancer and the care transformation programme that is planned. We will also introduce an action plan on women's health in order to ensure that we meet the particular health and care needs of women in Wales.

So, just in answer, specifically in terms of how this is going to be built into the women's plan, this is a bottom-up approach. There's a consultation that's going on asking women to contribute: what is it that we should be putting in in that women's healthcare plan for the future? And so, that is a bottom-up approach, so if people want this to be on the agenda as well, to make sure that people are feeding into that, but I will certainly be making sure that it's something that we consider.

There is so much to be done, and I know that our committed managers and clinicians are doing everything within their power to meet people's needs. Raising these concerns in terms of systems is no criticism at all of their efforts or their commitment, and I can assure you that I'm doing everything within my power to place a deserved focus on this.

Russell said that this is not a party political issue. I can assure you that I don't think it's a party political issue, and that's why we, like you, want to see an improvement in the system and that's why we in the Government and on the Labour benches will be supporting this motion.

I call on Janet Finch-Saunders to reply to the debate.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I would like to thank my colleague, Russ George MS, for introducing this important debate, and those across the Chamber for their really important contributions in what is a hugely important issue for women. Cancer of any type is an awful affliction that already takes far too many lives, with Public Health Wales noting that cancer has become the main cause of mortality since 2016, even including the shocking times that we went through with the COVID-19 pandemic.

As other colleagues have already noted, approximately 12,000 women are diagnosed with gynaecological cancer every year in Wales, resulting in the tragic deaths of 470 people annually. And that's why it was an important point that you made, James, that these are people's mothers, sisters, daughters or other relatives—470 families a year whose lives are irreparably damaged by this awful, awful disease. Gynaecological cancer, of course, is a massive problem right across the UK, but I'm afraid that it is worse here in Wales. Russ George highlighted the concerns—[Interruption.]

Will you take an intervention?

Yes.

I just think that one of the issues that nobody's mentioned that needs mentioning and putting on the record is the link between obesity and cancer. And we do have higher rates of obesity in Wales than in England, and that has to be one of the factors that we need to bear in mind when we're endeavouring to reduce cancer rates.

Yes. You make a really valid point. I know that when we've done inquiries into obesity in children, we have some of the most shockingly worrying statistics. So, yes, you make a valid point.

Russ George highlighted concerns that we as a group have had these concerns over the past two years and the need that has arisen, and that it's obvious that more tests are part of the solution. According to Cancer Research UK, the incidence rate for gynaecological cancer is significantly higher in Wales, with 72 cases per 100,000 women, compared to the UK average of 68. If that wasn't bad enough, it's been pointed out today that the mortality rate for this cancer is significantly much higher with 26 deaths per 100,000 women, compared to the UK average of 24. And, Jenny, the fact that you recognise that women-related cancers are a major concern, and there is a need for greater prevention, and recognising themselves—we should all, as women, know what to look for, what is normal, what is not normal.

But it isn’t just incidence and deaths in Wales that we're worried about; it's also the waiting times. We understand the impact that the pandemic has had on the provision of services in the NHS, but we know—Rhun made a very valid point that we had some of these problems in our health system prior to the pandemic. In July of this year, only 34 per cent of these cancers met the suspected cancer pathway target of 62 days from suspicion to treatment, compared to 40 per cent in February. So, it’s really worrying that, as we speak, we're seeing a downward spiral. Joyce Watson raised very valid concerns about HPV, and whilst there's been a breakthrough in the vaccines, there are still concerns, going forward. The Welsh Government's own target of 75 per cent and the responsibility for very long waiting times for cancer treatment does lie with the Welsh Government, and I've been really heartened, actually, Minister, to see that you've really listened and taken on board all the comments that the Welsh Conservatives have made, in particular about the immediate introduction of a cancer action plan. And how heartening, again, it is to hear that you are going to be implementing that and quite soon.

We need to ensure that workforce plans for cancer specialists have a focus on gynaecological health, as it does appear that these gynaecological cancers are slipping through the net when it comes to treatment. Other colleagues have stated that the Welsh Government's cancer quality statement really does need to be more clear, with Wales having the largest cancer specialist gap in the UK. I actually echo calls from colleagues for the Welsh Government and Healthcare Inspectorate Wales to work towards a substantial increase in training places, with rapid diagnostic cancer centres rolled out nationwide so that we can ensure that these cancers are detected much earlier. Natasha Asghar, my colleague, pleaded that we need these services more locally and the need to bring forward true equality for women in terms of healthcare. Unfortunately, cancer may always be a scourge on our existence, but it doesn't have to be as bad as it currently is. I believe, after this debate today, that you are taking these concerns forward. It's heartening to hear that you are supporting our motion today—thank you for that, and I say that on behalf of all the group. Buffy Williams, your contribution and mention of the Forget Me Not fund was very relevant indeed. Buffy's not here, but wherever you are.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

There are no votes to be taken this afternoon.

So, we will now move on to our first short debate today, and I call on Joel James to speak to the topic that he has chosen—Joel James.

And if Memebers are leaving, please do so quietly.

Thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd. I'm delighted to see that I've drawn such a crowd for my debate on water, so it's brilliant. I'd just like to confirm that I've agreed to give Mike Hedges and Sam Kurtz a minute of my time. I wanted to raise this debate today on water issues in Wales for a variety of reasons, the overarching one being that I believe that, as a Senedd, we don't pay enough attention to the challenges faced by the water industry in this country. Namely, in maintaining the affordability of bills and the intricate part that it plays in land and waterway management.

As we all know in this Chamber, household and business energy bills are not the only utility bills affected by the unprecedented rise in wholesale energy costs. The water industry not only faces higher energy costs itself, but it's very often the first bill that goes unpaid as consumers struggle to meet costs. The water industry therefore faces a disproportionate challenge, in that its costs are going up and its revenue is exposed to volatility and decline, which ultimately then pushes bills up for other customers. This is important, not only because of the impact to household and business finances, but because of the long-term implications that it has for the water sector. Due to climate change and population growth, among other factors, we cannot ignore the needs of the water sector in terms of appropriate legislation and the requirement to drive behavioural change among our population. In order to better use our natural resources, we need to think more carefully about sustainable water usage and the effects that sewage overflows are having on our river water quality and natural environment.

In Wales, out of the 1.37 million households that we have, a staggering 175,000 face water poverty, meaning that over 5 per cent of their household income, after housing costs, is spent on their water bills. Of those 175,000 households, only 35 per cent receive financial support to pay their water bills, leaving an estimated 114,000 households struggling to pay their water bills. Joint research from the Consumer Council for Water and Ofwat, published earlier this year, found that one third of customers struggle to pay bills fairly frequently, and this is a huge problem that is being compounded by the unprecedented rise in energy costs and the rise in interest rates and inflation. Affordability schemes at present are different for each water company in Wales, and this does present problems, as there is an almost postcode lottery as to whether or not you are eligible for support and by how much.

As such, CCW, previously known as the Consumer Council for Water, is therefore calling on both the Welsh and UK Governments to implement a single water affordability scheme to cover England and Wales, to ensure that nobody struggles to pay their water bill. And I would like to take this opportunity to encourage the Welsh Government to support a universal affordability scheme right across England and Wales, and to work with CCW, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the UK Government in helping to achieve this. I am aware that the UK Government has established a working group to explore the viability of a single water affordability scheme and are planning to consult on the proposal, with the proposed scheme being funded from a central pot and helping to ensure that costs do not fall disproportionately on those geographical areas with the biggest water poverty problems, such as Wales. In fact, modelling suggests that a single industry scheme would be likely to reduce current average cross-subsidies on water bills in Wales, whilst delivering more comprehensive support, and I would therefore advocate in the strongest possible terms for Welsh Government Ministers to fully engage with this consultation and proposal.

In addition to this affordability scheme, I'd also like to urge this Government to encourage water companies in Wales to launch co-ordinated campaigns at a national level to inform people of the support that is already available to them, and to make water-related assistance more visible through other advisory agencies, such as the citizens advice bureaux. I believe that this would be a valuable step in helping people across Wales, especially since evidence has shown that people who are struggling with debt and are financially vulnerable take on average over two years to seek help and, as a result, their financial troubles very often manifest into mental health issues. In many cases, these struggles could have been avoided with earlier intervention and an awareness of the affordability and debt write-off schemes that are available to them. I would like to remind this Government and Members here that it's in everyone's interest that those struggling to pay water bills get the help and support they need as quickly as possible, not only because it helps them to alleviate the worry and stress that comes with struggling to afford bills and manage household finances, but because the debt that they incur is often reclaimed by water companies through higher bills to other customers, who may themselves be struggling as well.

Turning to land and waterway management and issues affecting our natural environment, like climate change, we know that water companies have a duty of care to maintain and look after parts of our natural environment, and the money that's needed to do this comes from bill revenue. If a situation is created whereby water companies are starved of revenue because of too high a debt write-off, then it reduces the money available for companies to manage assets, which can unfortunately lead to many of the environmental issues we are hearing in this Chamber. In Wales, and across the United Kingdom, substantial investment in water and sewerage networks is needed to ensure that they can withstand the pressures of a changing climate and growing population, for the development of new sources of water and to continue to reduce leakage and wastage from the network. It is imperative that people on low incomes have the support they need to keep bills affordable.

Can I thank Joel James for giving me a minute in this debate? In the nineteenth century, there was a belief that you could put anything into the sea and rivers and it would dissipate, no problem at all—it would just dilute down to nothing. In the second half of the twentieth century, we came to realise that this was not true and started to clean up our rivers. Unfortunately, we appear to be now reverting back to the nineteenth century.

I want to make three quick points. We have untreated sewage discharging into rivers such as the Tawe by the Trebanos treatment works; phosphorous pollution is leading to eutrophication in the River Wye; microplastic has ended up in the water everywhere. We then drink this water after water treatment has taken place. If people saw what the water looked like before it got treated, they probably wouldn't drink it.

There is a need to clean up our rivers and fine polluters. The only way you are going to stop people polluting is when it starts hitting them in their pockets; otherwise, polluters do not pay anything for it and it does them no harm.

On 19 August, a hosepipe ban was enforced in a large area of my constituency of Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire, an area serviced by the Llys-y-Frân reservoir in my neighbour Paul Davies's constituency of Preseli Pembrokeshire. Paul kindly granted me safe passage into Preseli Pembrokeshire so I could visit the Llys-y-Frân reservoir to see just how low the water level had become, and I was shocked at just how low that water level was. So, let's take the opportunity to learn from countries with a more arid climate than ours so that we can install the same sort of technology and systems that they've got in water conservation so that we can manage our waters much better, knowing that the climate has changed in such a way.

I call on the Minister for Climate Change to reply to the debate—Julie James.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. Thank you very much for the opportunity to talk about the very important and topical issues of both water poverty and water quality. Our water sector is indeed facing an immediate and unprecedented challenge. Climate change means that over the next 20 years Wales faces wetter winters, hotter, drier summers, rising sea levels and more frequent and intense extreme weather events. The need to achieve decarbonisation, climate resilience and reverse the decline in biodiversity will require innovative solutions, behaviour change and long-term investment in our water infrastructure. At the same time, the cost-of-living challenges are the most acute in a generation, placing pressure on household incomes and the ability of many to pay for essentials like food, water and energy. These pressures, coupled with the current economic and geopolitical uncertainty, mean that it’s essential for us to continue to drive forward with the Welsh Government’s commitment to tackle poverty by prioritising the needs of the poorest and protecting those most at risk of poverty and exclusion. As Joel has rightly said, ensuring access to fair and affordable water and sewerage services for people and businesses is an important factor in reducing poverty, and we are taking steps to evaluate how we can achieve this in the best and most efficient way.

We’re committed to working with water companies to make water bills affordable for all, and helping households that genuinely struggle to pay for water services. Again, as Joel said, in 2021 the Consumer Council for Water published a review of the affordability and financial support available for water consumers in Wales and England, and I’m very grateful to them for undertaking the review. A key recommendation from the review was, as you acknowledge, to establish a single water affordability scheme for Wales and England.

So, until that decision is made on implementing a single scheme, water companies have adopted proactive measures to assist all households struggling with their water bills, including highly visible messaging on how to access assistance. Currently water companies in Wales are supporting over 145,000 households through various schemes. The Minister for finance and Minister for Social Justice have spoken to the UK Government about acting to relieve the financial burden for Welsh households in the round, and the Minister for Social Justice and I met with CCW only yesterday to discuss their call for a universal scheme, how it might be paid for and how we might implement it. We’ve also spoken to Dŵr Cymru about signposting those struggling to pay to future benefits, because Joel’s quite right—it is a signpost; it is often the first bill that doesn’t get paid, and it is a signpost of people struggling.

I will say, though, that, as part of the conversation with CCW, there is a distinct political element to the way that that scheme should be funded, because at the moment Ofwat—and indeed Ofgem, when they’re talking about it—are talking about a universal affordability scheme that is paid for by other customers. I take the view, I’m afraid, that the Government should step up to the plate and fund those schemes direct, and not spread the cost out on the other consumers of those services. So, there’s a distinct difference in the way that we think that that should be implemented. But, nevertheless, I think it’s important to have a universal scheme that people understand and is simple and straightforward, so I certainly support the call for that. In the meantime, the Welsh Government’s £380 million support package will be helping households manage the cost-of-living crisis, and our income maximisation plan has released income for other bills that are not covered by those measures. Prioritising the needs of the poorest and those most likely to experience poverty or exclusion is absolutely paramount.

Turning, then, to water quality, water is one of our greatest national assets and an integral part of Wales’s culture, heritage and national identity. Sustainable water and waste water services for current and future generations are based on a healthy natural environment and a resilient asset base. We envisage a resilient water and waste water sector in Wales that is customer and environment focused, integrated, sustainable and resilient, while delivering value to customers and the environment. Our programme for government sets out our vision and ambition to address the climate and nature emergencies, and our Wales water supply and waste water treatment infrastructure is under real pressure from that climate change, which we have discussed very often in this Chamber. Changes in population density and distribution and new development contribute to this. For example, removing all existing storm overflows would be a long-term, multibillion pound carbon-intensive project and would not be the most effective way of improving water quality or be resilient to the increasing pressure from climate change. We recognise, though, the need for immediate action, and we’ve established the better river quality taskforce to evaluate the current approach to the management and regulation of overflows in Wales and to set out detailed plans to drive rapid change and improvement.

Thank you, Minister.

We'll now move to our second short debate, and I call on Rhun ap Iorwerth to speak to the topic that he has chosen.

Thank you very much, Dirprwy Lywydd, and I want to talk about mapping the Welsh seas. I'm pleased to have an opportunity to present this debate. I'm grateful to Sam Kurtz and Joyce Watson for showing an interest in the topic, and I'm more than happy to give a little of my time for them to contribute before we hear the Minister's response.

One isn't selected from the hat very often to present a short debate, but when your name is pulled from the hat, it's a wonderful opportunity, but it's also quite a headache. We deal with so many issues that are important to our constituents or regions, so how can you choose a subject that will have the greatest impact? But the subject I've chosen today is a follow-up to a short debate that I presented back on 11 July 2018, because that debate did have an impact. It did lead to action from Government and, Minister, my expectations are very high this time too. With the Government having delivered last time, I fully expect you to deliver again this time.

Now, at that point, I was making the case for making Bangor University's research ship, the Prince Madog, which is located in Menai Bridge in my constituency, a national marine research vessel for Wales. This valuable resource faced an uncertain future. We were facing its loss, in fact, and I wanted to see it saved, not because it and its predecessor, the original Prince Madog, were of sentimental importance to me who was brought up on the banks of the Menai, but because it was too important to be lost—supporting jobs locally, an important research tool for Wales, an important tool to attract students to study oceanography at Bangor University, in that department in Menai Bridge that is so widely respected internationally.

I'm pleased that the Minister at the time understood what was at stake then. The First Minister also understood it; I remember talking to him about the issue, and the Government came to the table and found a way forward to support research using the Prince Madog. We succeeded in giving new life to the vessel, but now we need to build on that. And I will be making a case today that a national programme to map Welsh seas could be a central part of that. I do think that this can be a strategic project of significant national benefit that the Government should lead.

Let me go on to a bit of context. For those who don't know the Prince Madog, she's a beautiful vessel and a highly specialised one. She arrived at Bangor University in 2001, replacing the original Prince Madog that had been operational since 1967. Throughout all that time, this unique Welsh asset has been used to teach many, many thousands of marine science undergraduate and higher level students, it's proved to be invaluable in collecting scientific data from the sea shelf around the UK, it's underpinned thousands of scientific publications, and through the brilliant SEACAMS programmes in particular, has been key in the delivery of hundreds of collaborative research projects designed to support, develop and enhance Wales's marine economy.

Now, at 20 and a bit years old, she still has years of service to offer. She's well maintained—very well maintained. As one of the team working with her told me, 'She's in her prime.' She's also very cost-effective. Going backwards and forwards to ports costs a lot of money, but the Prince Madog can offer 24-hours-a-day research for 10 days at a time. Similar vessels can cost tens of thousands of pounds a day to charter, some of that relating to the costs of things like dynamic position control systems. Now, the Prince Madog doesn't need that because of the kind of technology that it carries on board, and it's the technology that is the big wow factor. It's state of the art.

Now, the technology itself is here because of the investment made through successive EU-funded SEACAMS projects. SEACAMS provided a direct way for Bangor University to maintain and continuously enhance the pool of scientific instrumentation used on the vessel. That includes the multibeam sonar systems, which have easily been the most frequently used piece of scientific equipment over the last decade. The most recent kit, just a couple of years old, is the Teledyne Reson T50 multibeam transducer. Now, just saying it feels like I'm in a Star Wars movie. But, put it this way, it's currently one of the most advanced bits of kit that you can get, and this system, in combination with the standard and flexibility of the ship itself, presents Wales with a unique opportunity to get to know its marine environment in an unprecedented level of detail over the coming decade, and we would benefit massively from doing so.

What does detailed mapping of our seas look like? Let me describe it, with the help of a truly fascinating new book, a fascinating new study, published this week—I'm not here to plug it; it's useful to explain what I'm talking about. But you may have read about it, actually, or heard about it in the news this week. The study was done by marine historian Innes McCartney. It's called Echoes from the Deep, and the echo referring to the multibeam sonar on the Prince Madog, because it's to the Prince Madog that Innes McCartney turned to carry out a quite incredible study of shipwrecks in the Irish sea. Now, the research features 273 shipwrecks, and 129 of those surveys, in incredible detail, down there in the depths of the Irish sea, have either identified ships for the very first time—we just didn't know which ships they were—or they had been misidentified. Some of those are huge and many well over 100m long. Ships sunk by U-boats; a world war fought off the coast of Wales. One of those victims of the U-boats was the SS Mesaba, torpedoed in 1919. Seven years previously, she was one of the ships that intercepted the distress calls of the Titanic. Now, the evidence provided by the Prince Madog is there, clear for us to see. History, you're coming alive from the depths of the sea off the coast of Wales.

What's the significance of this to my pitch today? Well, the technology that can identify ships in minute detail on the sea bed can map our marine landscape for a host of other applications: environmental, economic, for fisheries, for offshore energy. And this is detail, this is information that we need for our future, and there's so much that just hasn't been mapped. So, I'm asking Government to come to the table to discuss how we can get the ball rolling on a new national marine mapping programme for Welsh territorial waters. And we have a lot of territorial waters. We're often called the 'land of song'; perhaps it should be the 'sea of song' because we have more sea than we have land—around 50 per cent more. There's 21,000 sq km of land, 30,000 sq km of Welsh territorial sea beds. And 'môr o ganu', incidentally, works very well in Welsh, as a well-known phrase describing us as a nation when we're really in full voice.

Since 2010, the SEACAMS and SEACAMS2 projects at Bangor University's School of Ocean Sciences have been responsible for undertaking the most expansive sea bed mapping study ever undertaken in Welsh territorial waters. High-resolution multibeam sonar surveys, covering more than 1 million acres, 5,000 sq km of sea bed have been undertaken, surveys carried out over a total linear distance of more than 45,000 km—that's greater than the circumference of the earth—and it's not just done for fun. It's not just done for books. The mapping data has provided the baseline information for the vast majority of existing marine industry activity and new initiatives; all sorts of marine energy projects have benefited.

I want to conclude by referring to the name of this particular vessel. Who was Prince Madog? According to the legend, Madog ab Owain Gwynedd, according to the legend, was the son of Owain Gwynedd, the king of Gwynedd, who sailed to the American continent around 1170. He settled there 300 years before Christopher Colombus. The story is that him and his brother Rhirid sailed there in their boat, Gwennan Gorn, discovered a country, came back to Wales, collected more people who wanted to settle there, and sailed back. Is this a true story? Well, it's fair to say that there's little evidence for its veracity, but the evidence is quite clear as to what the vessel named after Madog ab Owain Gwynedd can offer us in Wales today. I'm very happy to work with the Government to see how we can deliver this idea. Thank you.

It's a pleasure to follow the Member from Anglesey.

It was a pleasure to have that history lesson and science lesson as well, for me to learn more about mapping Welsh seas. I think the point around funding is one that's purely pragmatic. We're able to overcome that, I think, either side of the M4, which is something that I would be very happy to throw my weight behind as well, because if we are looking to make the absolute most of the opportunities that are in renewable energies off our coasts here in Wales—for me, that's floating offshore wind off the coast of south Pembrokeshire—then we absolutely need to know what we're working with in terms of mapping the sea floor. And, especially when the UK Government are looking to expedite flow, which they've announced in the last week or so, I think it's imperative that a project like this, the Prince Madog, is absolutely allowed to continue to do the vital work that it's doing. So, I'm willing to offer my support in helping that going forward. Diolch.

Thank you for bringing this debate forward—an important debate, and the history lesson behind it. We've had a summer of sewage on our shores; we've had record-high temperatures; a winter ahead of us with unpayable energy bills; record unearned profits for the big energy companies; and an energy system exposed to dictators. These crises are connected, so we do need long-term solutions to that, and mapping the sea bed will help deliver the energy revolution that has to happen, but, at the same time, respect and protect the environmental impact within it. I would be more than interested to come to Bangor and see this ship, and I'm sure, as a member of our committee, you could invite us along.

I call on the Minister for Climate Change to reply to the debate. Julie James.

Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. Well, 'follow that', as they say—I'm not even going to attempt it. I really enjoyed the contribution of Rhun ap Iorwerth, and I can assure you that we are very aware of the really important work that the vessel, Prince Madog, has done in conjunction with Bangor University. I've had the real privilege of speaking to some of the scientists who have been involved in that, and, indeed, some of the poets that have been involved in it as well. We're very, very well aware of the asset that we have there.

As everyone has acknowledged, we're faced with the twin threats of climate and nature emergencies, and that, more than ever, includes our seas. We need clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse seas, and that's why I welcome the opportunity to respond to the debate. I commend the Member on his pitch—I think that’s what it was, really—for the continuation of the role of the research vessel, the Prince Madog, and to highlight the essential role that research science and evidence play in our drive to deliver our vision for those clean, resilient and biologically diverse seas.

Members will be aware—indeed, Rhun has just told us—that in 2019 the Welsh Government contracted Bangor University for the use of the Prince Madog research vessel. It has enabled us to undertake an enormous range of survey projects at sea. It included the associated laboratory work, facilitated access to the marine academic projects and data sets, and it played a real role in securing the future of the research vessel, which Rhun has acknowledged. The contract has enabled the delivery of very high-quality science, world-leading science, to help us better understand our seas and support a range of public priority policies and statutory obligations.

It has delivered a number of surveys and reports, including the co-designed Whelk Fishing Permit (Wales) Order 2021, which Members will remember going through the Senedd. I think you were the only speaker on it, actually, Rhun, at the time. It developed the fisheries stock assessments for scallop, crab, lobster, whelk, skate and ray, and it did the seabed characterisation to identify the marine conservation zones and support the completion of the marine protected area network. So, it's been really fundamental in what we've been doing. They've also been exploring and mapping the seabed in resource areas and gathering evidence to improve our understanding of blue carbon in Welsh waters. It supports the delivery of our key ministerial priorities and ensures we meet our statutory monitoring obligations also.

As Rhun has pointed out, that contract has now ended. We are currently assessing our requirements for seagoing science provision for future years. I absolutely assure Members, Rhun in particular, that we've continued a close dialogue with the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University, alongside all our Welsh marine research institutions. We’ll continue to do so as we consider the potential next steps and the next contract that will be coming along.

Diolch, bawb. I'd like to put on record that it's nice to see you back in the Chamber, Minister, after your short illness. It's good to see you back.

That brings today's proceedings to a close.